The US National Institutes of Health has recommended that all recombinant DNA experiments, involving any animal virus, should be subject to the highest containment conditions, even though other work with the intact virus may require less stringent conditions. Lennart Philipson, of the Department of Microbiology, Uppsala University, Sweden, and Pierre Tiollais, of the Institut Pasteur, Paris, put forward the case for categorising recombinant DNA experiments involving animal viruses more rationally.
