Lasers, LEDs and light sources articles within Nature Communications

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  • Article
    | Open Access

    Free-electron lasers are capable of high repetition rates and it is assumed that protein crystals often do not survive the first X-ray pulse. Here the authors address these issues with a demonstration of multi-hit serial crystallography in which multiple FEL pulses interact with the sample without destroying it.

    • Susannah Holmes
    • , Henry J. Kirkwood
    •  & Connie Darmanin

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Next generation smart lighting requires high colour rendering and wide colour controllability. Here, Jung et al. realise, via a systematic colour optimisation and a computational charge transport simulation, white quantum dot light-emitting diodes with high colour performance.

    • Chatura Samarakoon
    • , Hyung Woo Choi
    •  & Jong Min Kim

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Advanced security applications require materials responsive to different stimuli with remarkable stability. Here, Sargent et al. introduce Ge homogenously into a silica scaffold and obtain a colourtuned germanium silicon oxide with ultra-long phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence across a broad temperature range.

    • Huai Chen
    • , Mingyang Wei
    •  & Zhenyu Yang

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The work harnesses principles of spatial state tomography to fully characterise an optical beam in space, time, spectrum, and polarisation. Analysis of the output of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser illustrates the technique’s capabilities.

    • Martin Plöschner
    • , Marcos Maestre Morote
    •  & Joel Carpenter

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Here, the authors report the realization of light-emitting field-effect transistors based on van der Waals heterostructures with conduction and valence band edges at the Γ-point of the Brillouin zone, showing electrically tunable and material-dependent electroluminescence spectra at room temperature.

    • Hugo Henck
    • , Diego Mauro
    •  & Alberto F. Morpurgo

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Bi2O2Se holds potential for the realization of 2D optical modulators due to its broadband nonlinear response, air stability and carrier mobility. Here, the authors report the realization of defect-engineered Bi2O2Se nanoplates as saturable absorbers for femtosecond solid-state lasers, showing improved output power and pulse duration.

    • Junting Liu
    • , Fang Yang
    •  & Zhenhua Ni

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Light emission from 17 types of LEDs is observed at record-low voltages of 36–60% of the bandgaps, which cannot be explained by earlier theories. The electroluminescence-voltage curves reveal a unified mechanism for ultralow-voltage LED operation.

    • Yaxiao Lian
    • , Dongchen Lan
    •  & Dawei Di

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Nonradiative Auger recombination and poor stability of colloidal-quantum-dot solids at high current densities are primary obstacles to the realization of laser diodes based on these materials. Jung et al. achieve the current densities in excess of 1,000 A cm−2, which allows them to boost brightness to ~10 million cd m−2 and to produce strong, two-band optical gain.

    • Heeyoung Jung
    • , Young-Shin Park
    •  & Victor I. Klimov

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Highly-coherent and narrow linewidth fibre lasers are determinant in several sensing techniques. Here the authors develop a laser based on forward Brillouin scattering achieving ultra high coherence in single-, few- and multi-mode operation regimes.

    • Gil Bashan
    • , H. Hagai Diamandi
    •  & Avi Zadok

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Stable and tunable integrated lasers are fundamental building blocks for applications from spectroscopy to imaging and communication. Here the authors present a narrow linewidth hybrid photonic integrated laser with low frequency noise and fast linear wavelength tuning. They then provide an efficient FMCW LIDAR demonstration.

    • Grigory Lihachev
    • , Johann Riemensberger
    •  & Tobias J. Kippenberg

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Asymmetric n/p conductivity is a fundamental difficulty in wide bandgap semiconductors. Here the authors demonstrate a concept of orbital level engineering through sacrificial impurity coupling to achieve n-type conductivity (ne ~1016 cm-3) in hexagonal BN.

    • Shiqiang Lu
    • , Peng Shen
    •  & Junyong Kang

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Organic light-emitting diodes must be engineered to circumvent efficiency limits imposed by the ratio of triplet to singlet exciton formation, following electron-hole capture. Here, authors unlock energy transfer channels between singlet, triplet and doublet excitons using thermally activated delayed fluorescence and radical emitters towards more efficient light-emitting devices.

    • Feng Li
    • , Alexander J. Gillett
    •  & Emrys W. Evans

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Achieving high output powers in dual-comb sources is important for possible applications like deep UV high resolution spectroscopy. Here the authors demonstrate a fully passive scheme of generating a set of high-power dual-combs from a thin-disc gain medium.

    • Kilian Fritsch
    • , Tobias Hofer
    •  & Oleg Pronin

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Dual-wavelength emission materials can provide fluorescence intensity ratio technology with self-calibration features; their fabrication however, remains a challenge. Here, authors design a dual-wavelength emitting material Li2ZnSiO4:Mn2+ and present a wearable optical fibre temperature sensor, functioning in both contact and noncontact modes.

    • Enhai Song
    • , Meihua Chen
    •  & Qinyuan Zhang

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Here, the authors demonstrate intra-cavity excitation and time-domain sampling of coherent optical phonons inside an active laser oscillator. They discover that Terahertz crystal vibrations link successive ultrashort solitons which offers an approach to highspeed Raman spectroscopy inside laser cavities.

    • Alexandra Völkel
    • , Luca Nimmesgern
    •  & Georg Herink

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Controlling the transition-dipole-moment orientation in quantum dot solids at device level has not been achieved before. Here, the authors demonstrated intrinsic light out-coupling enhancement approach to boost the external quantum efficiency up to 25% by using the colloidal lead halide perovskite anisotropic nanocrystals.

    • Sudhir Kumar
    • , Tommaso Marcato
    •  & Chih-Jen Shih

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Understanding photo-physics giving rise to quantum beating oscillations in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites aids their applications in spintronics and quantum information science. Here, authors demonstrate that quantum beatings observed in single crystal perovskite at cryogenic temperatures are originating from positive and negative trions.

    • Uyen N. Huynh
    • , Ye Liu
    •  & Z. Valy Vardeny

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Constructing ultraviolet lasing is of great significance for basic research and medical use. Here the authors present a strategy for generating ultraviolet lasing through a tandem upconversion process with ultralarge anti-Stokes shift (1260 nm).

    • Tianying Sun
    • , Bing Chen
    •  & Feng Wang

  • Article
    | Open Access

    How holes are injected into quantum dots at sub-bandgap bias has puzzled researchers for years. Here, authors show, using temperature-dependent electroluminescence (EL) and theoretical analysis, such injection occurs via thermal-assisted thermionic-emission, consequently enabling the sub-bandgap turn-on and up-conversion EL.

    • Qiang Su
    •  & Shuming Chen

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Low threshold lasing is widely required, especially for portable systems. Here the authors design a circular subwavelength metallic aperture in a QCL to shape its phase front and control diffraction losses, which in turn allows a lower threshold dissipation power, enabling the fabrication of shorter cavities.

    • Zhixin Wang
    • , Filippos Kapsalidis
    •  & Jérôme Faist

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Efficiency roll-off in organic light-emitting diodes under elevated current densities not only results in high power consumption but also device degradation. Here, the impact of polaroninduced quenching in efficiency roll-off was investigated and strategies to reduce efficiency roll-off were proposed.

    • Monirul Hasan
    • , Siddhartha Saggar
    •  & Ebinazar B. Namdas

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Diamond is a promising host material for color-center photon source. Here the authors provide the experimental evidence of lasing in (NV−) centers in diamond. Through a rational fine-tuning of the pump condition they decrease the photoionization, ultimately increasing the laser efficiency.

    • Alexander Savvin
    • , Alexander Dormidonov
    •  & Viktor Vins

  • Article
    | Open Access

    A low singlet-triplet energy gap, necessary for delayed fluorescence organic semiconductors, results in a small radiative rate that limits performance in OLEDs. Here, the authors show that it is possible to reconcile these conflicting requirements in materials that can access both high oscillator strength intramolecular excitations and intermolecular charge transfer states.

    • Alexander J. Gillett
    • , Claire Tonnelé
    •  & Richard H. Friend

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Achieving high output power and low noise integrated lasers is a major challenge. Here the authors experimentally demonstrate integrated lasers from a Si/SiN heterogeneous platform that shows Hertz-level linewidth, paving the way toward fully integrating low-noise silicon nitride photonics in volume using real devices for lasing.

    • Chao Xiang
    • , Joel Guo
    •  & John E. Bowers

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Attosecond pulse generation needs improvements both in terms of tunability and photon flux for next level attosecond experiments. Here the authors show how to control the HHG emission and its spectral-temporal characteristics by driving the IAP generation with synthesized sub-cycle optical pulses.

    • Yudong Yang
    • , Roland E. Mainz
    •  & Franz X. Kärtner

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Molecular designs improving the performance of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters are greatly desired for optoelectronic applications. The authors propose a molecular geometry with donor and acceptor moieties facing each other separated by an anthracene bridge, giving rise to hot exciplex states producing color pure and fast TADF emission.

    • A. Lennart Schleper
    • , Kenichi Goushi
    •  & Alexander J. C. Kuehne

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Understanding and manipulating the photonic band structure formed in stacked Fabry-Pérot microcavity organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is key to optimizing their performance. Here, through intelligent device design, the authors tune the photonic band gap in vertically-stacked OLED microcavities.

    • David Allemeier
    • , Benjamin Isenhart
    •  & Matthew S. White

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Laser performance is constrained by various factors. Here, the authors show theoretically that the linewidth can be reduced below the standard quantum limit by engineering the output coupling of a laser to reduce noise, and discuss the potential practical implementation of this approach.

    • Chenxu Liu
    • , Maria Mucci
    •  & David Pekker

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Additives have been widely used for passivating defects in perovskite semiconductors, yet the role of additive and their interaction is not clear. Here, the authors reveal an additive-assisted crystal formation in FAPbI3 perovskite by tracking the chemical interaction in the precursor solution and crystallographic evolution using multi-functional additives.

    • Lin Zhu
    • , Hui Cao
    •  & Jianpu Wang

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Thermally activated delayed fluorescence organic light-emitting diodes (TADF-OLEDs) rely on high triplet energy interlayers to confine excitons, which results in reduced performance. Here, the authors report high-performance blue TADF-OLEDs with below bandgap electroluminescence.

    • Maria Vasilopoulou
    • , Abd. Rashid bin Mohd Yusoff
    •  & Nicola Gasparini

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Multidentate molecular additives are widely used to passivate perovskite, yet the role of chelate effect is still unclear. Here, the authors investigate a wide range of additives with different coordination number and functional moieties to establish correlation between coordination affinity and perovskite crystallisation dynamics.

    • Yatao Zou
    • , Pengpeng Teng
    •  & Feng Gao

  • Article
    | Open Access

    In this work the authors demonstrate on-chip integration of Brillouin lasing operating at visible wavelengths, with engineered design for stable output. This technical and scientific advance will help develop integrated light sources for quantum computing or atomic and molecular spectroscopy.

    • Nitesh Chauhan
    • , Andrei Isichenko
    •  & Daniel J. Blumenthal

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Conventional DC-DC converters rely on switching operations and energy storing components which face both noise and scaling difficulties. Here, the authors present an alternative design for a DC-to-DC converter based on closely coupled LEDs and photovoltaic cells, which exhibits high efficiency, low noise, and miniaturizability.

    • Bo Zhao
    • , Sid Assawaworrarit
    •  & Shanhui Fan

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Despite advances in the design of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters for devices, the effect of spin interactions is not well understood. Here, the authors report the role of spin-vibronic coupling in TADF organic emitters using transient electron spin resonance spectroscopy.

    • Bluebell H. Drummond
    • , Naoya Aizawa
    •  & Emrys W. Evans

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Lead toxicity poses a big hurdle for the commercialization of perovskite optoelectronics, hence reducing the environmental impact holds the answer for its future application. To tackle this challenge, the authors utilize germanium to reduce the lead content, enabling highly luminescent eco-friendly compound for LEDs.

    • Dexin Yang
    • , Guoling Zhang
    •  & Dawei Di

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Though laser action has been reported for optical bound states in the continuum (BIC) cavities with high quality factors, these BIC lasers lacked practical applicability. Here, the authors report an ultralow-threshold super-BIC laser featuring merged symmetry-protected and accidental BICs.

    • Min-Soo Hwang
    • , Hoo-Cheol Lee
    •  & Hong-Gyu Park

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The angular dependence is a well-known issue in metasurface engineering. Here the authors introduce a supercell metasurface able to implement multiple independent functions under large deflection angles with high efficiency, leading to a wavelength tunable laser with arbitrary wavefront control.

    • Christina Spägele
    • , Michele Tamagnone
    •  & Federico Capasso

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Realizing efficient white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) with a single thermally-activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emissive layer remains a challenge. Here, the authors design energy-relaying exciplex hosts with multi-triplet excited states for efficient single-emissive-layer TADF WOLEDs.

    • Chunmiao Han
    • , Ruiming Du
    •  & Wei Huang

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Topological insulator lasers offer robustness and efficiency due to their unique properties but usually require cryogenic temperatures or optical pumping. Here the authors demonstrate an electrically pumped topological insulator laser operating at room temperature.

    • Jae-Hyuck Choi
    • , William E. Hayenga
    •  & Mercedeh Khajavikhan

  • Article
    | Open Access

    A transparent twistable and stretchable MoO3/Au/MoO3 electrode is demonstrated by Choi et al. for organic light-emitting diodes. The device fabricated on thin elastomer shows enhanced EQE with minimum efficiency roll-off owing to the improved charge injection and heat dissipation from the substrate.

    • Dae Keun Choi
    • , Dong Hyun Kim
    •  & Seung Yoon Ryu

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Understanding the role electron injection and transport in organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) is critical for optimizing device performance. Here, the authors elucidate the electron injection/transport mechanism in OLEDs and identify the cathode/emissive layer energy barrier as the key factor.

    • Tsubasa Sasaki
    • , Munehiro Hasegawa
    •  & Hirohiko Fukagawa

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Performance of perovskite LED tends to decline as the active area increases, thus understanding the failure mechanism is paramount to surmount this limitation. Here, the authors report severe phase-segregation to be the cause, and introduce L-Norvaline to overcome it, as the result, highly-efficient 9.0 cm2 green PeLED is realised.

    • Changjiu Sun
    • , Yuanzhi Jiang
    •  & Mingjian Yuan

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