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In this Review, Pabst and colleagues discuss the gut–liver axis, with an emphasis on the establishment and regulation of structural and functional barriers, dynamics within the axis (immune responses and microbiome) and clinical implications.
The appendix is thought to have a role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis but the association remains unclear. In this Perspective, the authors consider the biology of the appendix with respect to its immunological function and the microbiome, and how this relates to its possible involvement in ulcerative colitis.
A prospective study suggests that the risk of liver fibrosis with methotrexate treatment has been overestimated. The findings suggest the need to reconsider the intensive strategies and the screening tools that are recommended for monitoring liver fibrosis in patients receiving methotrexate.
IL-12 and IL-23 have been implicated in inflammatory bowel disease. In this Review, Vande Casteele and colleagues summarize the mechanistic role of IL-12 and IL-23 in inflammatory bowel disease, and discuss the clinical development of drugs targeting IL-12 and/or IL-23.
Macrophages are critical for maintaining intestinal homeostasis, yet are implicated in chronic intestinal inflammation. This Review provides detailed insights into the biology of macrophages in the context of inflammatory bowel disease and discusses future perspectives.
In a study published in Nature, new data have highlighted the bacterial strain-level sharing rates of mother–offspring pairs, twins, families, cohabiting individuals and individuals within a population, as well as those between different populations, providing a comprehensive view of the transmission landscape of the intestinal and oral microbiome in humans. These findings highlight the need to reassess diseases currently considered to be non-communicable and underscore the importance of considering social structure and transmissibility in the design of microbial studies.
This Review provides an overview of the global epidemiology and burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, identifying gaps in the HBV care cascade and proposing some solutions to help reach the goal of WHO to eliminate HBV as a public health threat by 2030.
The treatment landscape of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is constantly evolving, including among pregnant women and those who wish to become pregnant. This Review provides a detailed update on the management of patients with IBD during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
In this Review, Huang et al. highlight global trends in the epidemiology of cirrhosis, including contributions of various aetiologies of liver disease, and consider what needs to be done to address projected increases in the burden of cirrhosis.
In this Review, Llovet and colleagues discuss advances in our knowledge of the pathogenesis and clinical management of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-related hepatocellular carcinoma. They also discuss future prospects and unmet needs.
Intestinal B cell responses are crucial in maintaining gut homeostasis. This Review discusses the role of human intestinal B cells in health and intestinal disease and provides a comprehensive overview of their features.
Gasdermins (GSDMs) are proteins primarily involved in pyroptosis, among other cellular functions. This Review provides a comprehension summary of GSDM biology, focusing on the gastrointestinal tract and addressing clinical implications and future research.
Preclinical research is required to improve our understanding of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). In this Consensus Statement, a task force of experts provides recommendations on the criteria for preclinical models of CCA to increase disease understanding and help to develop novel therapeutic approaches.
Cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common primary liver cancer, and its incidence is rising worldwide. This Review discusses the immunology of cholangiocarcinoma and provides a comprehensive overview of the preclinical and clinical immunotherapy studies.
The therapeutic landscape of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is changing. This Review provides a comprehensive overview discussing the current mCRC advances in precision oncology and suggests a treatment strategy for mCRC with rare genomic alterations.
In this Review, the authors discuss gene therapy involving the use of recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors for the treatment of inherited liver diseases, including ongoing clinical trials that are producing promising results.
Key studies published in 2022 highlight the emergence of several novel drugs for inflammatory bowel disease. Head-to-head trials and network meta-analyses have also been conducted to identify the sequencing of these treatments, but we still have a long way to go to achieve personalized medicine.
There is an increasing burden of gastrointestinal cancers in East Asia. This Review provides an updated summary of the epidemiology of gastrointestinal cancers in this region and discusses risk factors and implications for prevention.
In this Review, the authors consider various paths to functional cure of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and the need to individualize therapy of this heterogeneous infection until a therapeutic avenue for all patients with CHB is available.
The gut microbiome field is shifting from association to modulation. Microbiota-based treatments come in many shapes and sizes, ranging from dietary intervention to live bacterial products. Recent methodological advances are instrumental to developing innovative new treatment strategies in microbiome-linked pathologies.
