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The autonomic nervous system profoundly affects the function of the cardiovascular and immune systems. In this Review, Carnevale summarizes how the neural regulation of immunity and inflammation participates in the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease and explores promising opportunities for therapeutic strategies.
In this Review, Iacobellis provides a comprehensive overview of the role of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) in cardiovascular disease, including coronary artery disease, heart failure and atrial fibrillation, discusses imaging techniques for EAT assessment and highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting EAT in cardiovascular disease.
Numerous new CRISPR-based genome-editing tools have expanded the application of genome editing to include gene-expression control, epigenome editing, RNA editing and live-cell imaging. In this Review, Wu and colleagues describe how these novel CRISPR tools are used to investigate biological processes and disease pathophysiology for cardiovascular research and medicine.
In this Review, the authors provide an overview of the immune cells involved in atherosclerosis, discuss preclinical research and published and ongoing clinical trials assessing the therapeutic potential of targeting the immune system in atherosclerosis, highlight emerging therapeutic targets from preclinical studies and identify challenges for successful clinical translation.
In a pooled analysis of 144 high-quality randomized trials involving patients with coronary artery disease, application of the most stringent criteria for surrogacy demonstrated that a reduction in the rates of non-fatal myocardial infarction by any intervention did not necessarily predict a reduction in all-cause or cardiovascular mortality during follow-up.
In this Consensus Statement, the authors delineate the thrombotic signature of COVID-19 and present the latest biomarkers and platforms to assess thrombotic risk in these patients. Consensus recommendations are made about the clinical use of these biomarkers to inform prognosis, assess disease acuity, and predict thrombosis and in-hospital mortality.
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare form of heart failure that presents in late pregnancy or early in the postpartum period. In this Review, Hoes and colleagues discuss the known risk factors for PPCM, including genetic variants and pre-eclampsia, and describe the potential pathogenic mechanisms underlying the development of PPCM such as disrupted metabolic homeostasis in the heart owing to pregnancy-induced hormone fluctuations.
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a growing global public health problem owing to its high and rising prevalence and association with adverse outcomes. In this Review, Golledge summarizes the epidemiology, presentation, outcomes, pathophysiology and current treatment of PAD, and outlines ongoing research into new medical treatments.
In this Review, von Haehling and colleagues provide clinicians with practical recommendations for patients with heart failure who plan to travel, including guidelines for pre-travel risk assessment and special considerations for patients who have undergone recent surgery or have a cardiac implantable electronic device.
In this Review, Raitakari and colleagues discuss the importance of initiating the prevention of atherosclerosis in early life and summarize the major paediatric programmes for the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
In this Review, Frangogiannis summarizes the current evidence on the role of TGFβ signalling in myocardial diseases, focusing on TGFβ functions in cardiac pathophysiology and its cellular actions and molecular effectors, and discusses challenges and opportunities for therapeutic interventions targeting the TGFβ system in heart disease.
