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The DECIDE-AI checklist, resulting from a multi-stakeholder group of experts in a Delphi process and following the EQUATOR Network’s recommendations, includes key items that should be reported in early-stage clinical studies of AI-based decision support systems, to ensure a responsible and transparent deployment of AI systems in healthcare.
Certain acute infections (including SARS-CoV-2) are associated with an unexplained chronic disability in a minority of patients; this Review summarizes what is known about these understudied and complex illnesses.
Electronic cigarettes might be superior to nicotine replacement therapy as a quitting aid for pregnant women — but enthusiasm is hampered by low rates of smoking cessation and unknown long-term harm.
The DAWN and SEED trials demonstrate the potential of glucokinase activators for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, but how they fit in the overall treatment algorithm remains to be determined.
Two new studies provide robust epidemiological evidence and a mechanistic link, with potential implications for strategies that target Epstein–Barr virus.
Phenotypic heterogeneity in type 2 diabetes (T2D) was visualized by non-linear dimensionality reduction in a cohort of over 23,000 people. Variation in the T2D phenotype mapped to variation in drug response, risk of disease complications and underlying genetic architecture.
PIK3CA gain-of-function mutations are among the most common alterations in human solid cancers. Through the use of stimulation-induced functional T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing (SIFT-seq), a panel of TCRs that bind a mutant PI3Kα shared neoantigen was identified, including a potential clinical candidate that engages cancer cells via a distinctive CDR3β loop.
Oncology is trailblazing the field of engineered cellular therapeutics. This Review discusses the goals of cellular immunotherapy in cancer, key challenges facing the field and strategies to overcome them—paving the way for treatment of other diseases.
Radical rethinking is needed to address the burning issues in cancer care in low- and middle-income countries. In this Perspective, the authors outline the main challenges and top priorities for cancer research now and into the future.
Precision medicine is reshaping cancer care, but the benefits are not accessible to all patients. This Perspective outlines the major challenges to the implementation of precision oncology and discusses critical steps toward resolving these.
There exists tremendous opportunity to target microorganisms in the gut and other niches to help treat or even prevent cancer. This Review outlines how microbial targeting could become a pillar of personalized cancer care over the next 5 to 10 years.
Technological advances are producing exquisitely sensitive cancer detection tests. This Review discusses who should be tested, and how—and looks to the future of personalized, risk-based cancer screening.
Clinical trial results show that psilocybin, a potent psychedelic, has antidepressant effects in patients with depression and is more effective than escitalopram. Functional MRI experiments revealed a decrease in brain modularity after psilocybin therapy, indicative of an increase in the global integration of the brain’s functional networks.
Secretion of S100A9 by brain metastatic cells activates radioresistance. Blood S100A9 could be used as a biomarker to predict responses to irradiation and to guide a combination therapy with a radiosensitizer.
As the pandemic evolves, questions remain but field studies are increasingly difficult; if carefully designed, human challenge models could offer a practical and timely solution.
Antibiotic resistance genes evolve in the environment, in animals, and in humans; strategic action is needed on all three fronts to help understand resistance and to limit its spread.
The largest metabolomic study of asthma thus far, comprising >14,000 people from four independent cohorts, has found that inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) treatment is associated with adrenal suppression, even at low doses. Thus, ICS dosage should be optimized to minimize adrenal suppression while maintaining its established benefits in asthma management.
Armored CAR T cells show early signs of clinical activity in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer, paving the way for further development and optimization.
New technologies are expanding the reach and accessibility of preimplantation genetic testing of human embryos. But what these advances can deliver is still unclear, and a frank assessment of their profound ethical implications is urgently needed.
