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| Open AccessEarly warning and proactive control strategies for power blackouts caused by gas network malfunctions
Gas-fired generators play crucial role in the transition to net-zero energy systems as an alternative to coal-fired. But malfunctions of gas networks can cause large-scale power blackouts. Here, authors apply the early warning concept to the coupled gas-electric system towards enhanced power supply security.
- Fengshuo Yu
- , Qinglai Guo
- & Hongbin Sun
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Article
| Open AccessBicarbonate-binding catalysis for the enantioselective desymmetrization of keto sulfonium salts
Although anion-binding processes are well-known for their crucial role in molecular recognition, this type of phenomenon has only recently been utilized for catalysis. Here, the authors present an enantioselective desymmetrization of cyclic keto sulfonium salts through enantioselective deprotonation/ring opening process by anion-binding catalysis.
- José Alemán
- , Jorge Humbrías-Martín
- & Jose A. Fernández-Salas
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Article
| Open AccessObservation of nonlinear response and Onsager regression in a photon Bose-Einstein condensate
Perturbing a physical system, for example, picking a guitar string to make it vibrate, tells a lot about its intrinsic properties. Here the authors show that such concepts hold even for quantum gases of light, which respond to a perturbation with the same dynamics as they fluctuate on their own.
- Alexander Sazhin
- , Vladimir N. Gladilin
- & Julian Schmitt
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Article
| Open AccessChatMOF: an artificial intelligence system for predicting and generating metal-organic frameworks using large language models
LLMs can be augmented with tools to increase their capabilities. Here, authors have developed an artificial intelligence system called ChatMOF combining LLMs and specialised libraries and utilities to predict and generate metal-organic frameworks.
- Yeonghun Kang
- & Jihan Kim
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Article
| Open AccessMulti-objective Bayesian active learning for MeV-ultrafast electron diffraction
Due to the complex, nonlinear and correlated nature of accelerator systems, electron beam property optimisation is a time-consuming process. Here, the authors utilise multi-objective Bayesian active learning for speeding up online beam tuning at MeV ultrafast electron diffraction facility.
- Fuhao Ji
- , Auralee Edelen
- & Robert Joel England
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Article
| Open AccessInstantly adhesive and ultra-elastic patches for dynamic organ and wound repair
Bioadhesive materials and patches are promising alternatives to surgical sutures and staples but many existing bioadhesives do not meet the functional requirements of current surgical procedures. Here the authors present a tissue adhesive, stretchable and rapid photo-projection compatible translational patch material which is able to deliver therapeutics.
- Parth Chansoria
- , Ameya Chaudhari
- & Juliane Nguyen
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Article
| Open AccessRecovery of europium from E-waste using redox active tetrathiotungstate ligands
Rare-earth elements (REEs) are vital to the modern economy, yet their mining poses both geopolitical and environmental challenges. Here, authors present a highly selective method for the recovery of europium from spent fluorescent lamps using redox active tetrathiotungstate ligands.
- Marie A. Perrin
- , Paul Dutheil
- & Victor Mougel
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Article
| Open AccessQuantitative prediction of rate constants and its application to organic emitters
The quantitative prediction of rate constants and quantum yields is crucial to understand various phenomena and their mechanisms in nature. Here, the authors apply quantum chemical calculation to reproduce experimental data of multiple-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters.
- Katsuyuki Shizu
- & Hironori Kaji
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Article
| Open AccessHydrogen-induced tunable remanent polarization in a perovskite nickelate
Hydrogen-doping driven metal to ferroelectric phase transition in a complex oxide NdNiO3 is demonstrated. Transient negative differential capacitance and implementation of polarization decay into neural network for learning are then presented.
- Yifan Yuan
- , Michele Kotiuga
- & Shriram Ramanathan
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Article
| Open AccessDoping-control of excitons and magnetism in few-layer CrSBr
CrSBr is a van der Waals layered antiferromagnet. Unlike many other van der Waals magnetic materials it is air stable, and in addition hosts a rich array of magneto-optical responses. Here, Tabataba-Vakili et al demonstrate that the magnetic and optical response of CrSBr is sensitive to gating, allowing electrical control of the magneto-optical properties.
- Farsane Tabataba-Vakili
- , Huy P. G. Nguyen
- & Alexander Högele
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Article
| Open AccessHigh-resolution, large field-of-view label-free imaging via aberration-corrected, closed-form complex field reconstruction
The authors present APIC, a closed-form reconstruction method for microscopy that avoids iterative algorithms, enabling correct imaging reconstruction with no additional hardware. APIC demonstrates analytical complex field reconstructions from darkfield measurements and NA-matching alone.
- Ruizhi Cao
- , Cheng Shen
- & Changhuei Yang
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Article
| Open AccessCircumventing bottlenecks in H2O2 photosynthesis over carbon nitride with iodine redox chemistry and electric field effects
H2O2 photosynthesis using g-C3N4 is considered an alternative to anthraquinone processes. Inspired by the optical instability of potassium iodide, the I− /I3− internal redox mediator and external electric field are integrated into the g-C3N4, achieving satisfactory H2O2 production.
- Chang-Wei Bai
- , Lian-Lian Liu
- & Han-Qing Yu
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Perspective
| Open AccessBottlenecks in biobased approaches to plastic degradation
The way we generate and treat plastic waste is a key consideration in the transition from a take-make-waste model to a truly circular economy. Here, authors discuss their views on how biotechnology could contribute to solving the plastic problem, and the barriers we need to overcome to make such approaches a reality.
- Amelia R. Bergeson
- , Ashli J. Silvera
- & Hal S. Alper
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Article
| Open AccessCooperative growth in microbial communities is a driver of multistability
This study explores alternative stable states in microbial communities. Focusing on a respiratory tract community of 6 species, the authors identified four distinct stable states that are predicted to be driven by cooperative growth. The findings contrast with the common association between competitive interactions and multistability in microbial communities.
- William Lopes
- , Daniel R. Amor
- & Jeff Gore
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Comment
| Open AccessHarmonizing vaccine and infrastructure development to tame cholera outbreaks across Africa
Vaccines and clean water shortages continue to give rise to cholera outbreaks in Africa. Coordinated efforts to increase vaccine distribution and improve physical infrastructure are needed while considering future outbreaks and water demands due to conflicts and climate events.
- Amira Mohamed Taha
- , Hussam Mahmoud
- & Mohamed M. Ghonaim
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Article
| Open AccessA dual spin-controlled chiral two-/three-dimensional perovskite artificial leaf for efficient overall photoelectrochemical water splitting
Enhancing the efficiency of solar-driven water splitting is challenging but highly interesting. Here the authors report a dual spin-controlled 2D/3D perovskite photoelectrode that achieves 12.55% efficiency by utilizing the chiral-induced spin selectivity phenomenon.
- Hyungsoo Lee
- , Chan Uk Lee
- & Jooho Moon
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Article
| Open AccessMachine intelligence accelerated design of conductive MXene aerogels with programmable properties
Machine learning-assisted robots produce MXene aerogels containing cellulose, gelatin, and glutaraldehyde, fabricating 162 compositions. Inverse design from resulting properties affords tailored compression-stable materials for Joule heating.
- Snehi Shrestha
- , Kieran James Barvenik
- & Po-Yen Chen
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Article
| Open AccessRedox dynamics and surface structures of an active palladium catalyst during methane oxidation
Palladium-based catalysts are highly effective for the complete oxidation of methane. Here, the authors employ operando transmission electron microscopy, near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations to investigate the active state and catalytic function of Pd nanoparticles in methane oxidation.
- Shengnan Yue
- , C. S. Praveen
- & Xing Huang
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Article
| Open AccessEfficient intersystem crossing and tunable ultralong organic room-temperature phosphorescence via doping polyvinylpyrrolidone with polyaromatic hydrocarbons
Room temperature phosphorescent polymers have potential in a range of applications, but achieving the desired properties can be challenging. Here, the authors report the development of such polymer materials by doping with polyaromatic hydrocarbons.
- Guangxin Yang
- , Subin Hao
- & Li Dang
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Article
| Open AccessConcentrated solar CO2 reduction in H2O vapour with >1% energy conversion efficiency
This work reports a single-atom Ni incorporated CeO2 catalyst that boosts the efficiency of solar CO2 reduction under concentrated light irradiation.
- Yuqi Ren
- , Yiwei Fu
- & Maochang Liu
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Article
| Open AccessNIR-II emissive anionic copper nanoclusters with intrinsic photoredox activity in single-electron transfer
Copper nanoclusters have so far been limited in the types of organic transformations they can catalyze. Here the authors introduce a new NIR-II emissive anionic copper nanocluster with intrinsic photoredox activity, enabling efficient photocatalytic three-component radical couplings.
- Li-Juan Liu
- , Mao-Mao Zhang
- & Jian He
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Article
| Open AccessInsight into selectivity of photocatalytic methane oxidation to formaldehyde on tungsten trioxide
Tungsten trioxide (WO3) is considered the most promising photocatalyst for the highly selective oxidation of methane to formaldehyde, though the origins of its catalytic activity and reaction mechanism are still debated. Here, the authors use WO3 with {001} and {110} facets as model photocatalysts, demonstrating that the photocatalytic oxidation of methane to formaldehyde in WO3 depends on the surface structure, leading to different formaldehyde selectivity.
- Yingying Fan
- , Yuheng Jiang
- & Zhiyong Tang
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Article
| Open AccessPhotochemically responsive polymer films enable tunable gliding flights
Miniature passive fliers are of interest, but there are challenges in controlling their motion. Here, the authors report the use of light-responsive thin films for optical control of the gliding of passive fliers.
- Jianfeng Yang
- , M. Ravi Shankar
- & Hao Zeng
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Article
| Open AccessA 3D ray traced biological neural network learning model
Transfer learning has shown an advantageous performance in various tasks, however pretraining of the model with new dataset remains computationally expensive. The authors propose a biologically inspired three-dimensional neural network model for transfer learning, with improved training speed and accuracy.
- Brosnan Yuen
- , Xiaodai Dong
- & Tao Lu
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Article
| Open AccessRevealing the structural evolution of CuAg composites during electrochemical carbon monoxide reduction
Revealing catalyst structural evolution during catalysis is critical. Here, authors reveal that a Cu-Ag oxide precursor undergoes a transformation during CO electroreduction to a composite consisting of Ag nanoparticles enveloped by thin layers of amorphous Cu, which is likely the real active phase.
- Di Wang
- , Hyun Dong Jung
- & Lei Wang
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Article
| Open AccessDevelopment and deployment of a histopathology-based deep learning algorithm for patient prescreening in a clinical trial
Here, the authors develop a deep-learning algorithm to predict biomarkers from histopathological imaging in advanced urothelial cancer patients. This method detects suitable patients for targeted therapy clinical trials with a significant reduction in molecular testing, providing cost and time savings in real-world clinical settings.
- Albert Juan Ramon
- , Chaitanya Parmar
- & Kristopher A. Standish
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Article
| Open AccessWhy •CF2H is nucleophilic but •CF3 is electrophilic in reactions with heterocycles
Empirically observed regiochemistries indicate that the CF2H radical has a nucleophilic character similar to alkyl radicals, but the CF3 radical is electrophilic in reactions with heterocycles. Here, the authors report DFT calculations, reproducing experimental selectivities and leading to an explanation of this difference.
- Meng Duan
- , Qianzhen Shao
- & K. N. Houk
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Article
| Open AccessMultiple photofluorochromic luminogens via catalyst-free alkene oxidative cleavage photoreaction for dynamic 4D codes encryption
Photochromic systems with high contrast and multiple colours are useful for responsive materials, but it is challenging to achieve multiple colours with one molecule. Here, the authors report a photochromic system controlled by oxidative cleavage on light irradiation.
- Lin Lu
- , Bo Wu
- & Ben Zhong Tang
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Article
| Open AccessAtomically dispersed MoNi alloy catalyst for partial oxidation of methane
The catalytic partial oxidation of methane (POM) is a promising technology for synthesizing syngas but suffers from severe over-oxidation on the catalyst surface. Here the authors demonstrate that regulating O* occupation in an atomically dispersed MoNi alloy can achieve high catalytic performance for POM.
- Zheyuan Ding
- , Sai Chen
- & Jinlong Gong
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Article
| Open AccessPhotocatalytic toluene oxidation with nickel-mediated cascaded active units over Ni/Bi2WO6 monolayers
By introducing Ni dopants into monolayer Bi2WO6, Bi/O frustrated Lewis pairs, unsaturated W atoms, and Ni active units are formed. The authors show that these units facilitate oxygen species transfer and enhance photocatalytic toluene oxidation.
- Yingzhang Shi
- , Peng Li
- & Xianzhi Fu
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Article
| Open AccessHigh-performance near-infrared OLEDs maximized at 925 nm and 1022 nm through interfacial energy transfer
The low photoluminescence quantum yield of near-infrared (NIR) emitters has limited their application in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Here, authors realize NIR OLEDs through interfacial energy transfer from platinum(II) complexes to a non-fullerene acceptor based on a sandwiched structure.
- Chieh-Ming Hung
- , Sheng-Fu Wang
- & Pi-Tai Chou
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Article
| Open AccessLarge out-of-plane spin–orbit torque in topological Weyl semimetal TaIrTe4
Topological semimetals offer the potential for new-generation spintronic devices. Here, the authors demonstrate a large out-of-plane damping-like spin–orbit torque efficiency in a heterostructure based on the Weyl semimetal TaIrTe4.
- Lakhan Bainsla
- , Bing Zhao
- & Saroj P. Dash
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Article
| Open AccessTrue random number generation using the spin crossover in LaCoO3
Probabilistic computing demands low power and high quality random number generation. Woo et al. demonstrate the use of a spin crossover in LaCoO3 to generate random numbers that outperform software-generated random numbers in probabilistic computing.
- Kyung Seok Woo
- , Alan Zhang
- & Suhas Kumar
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Article
| Open AccessMemristor-based adaptive neuromorphic perception in unstructured environments
Perception methods that enable control systems to understand and adapt to unstructured environments are desired. Wang et. al. develop a memristor-based differential neuromorphic computing, perceptual signal processing, and online adaptation method providing neuromorphic style adaptation to external sensory stimuli.
- Shengbo Wang
- , Shuo Gao
- & Luigi Giuseppe Occhipinti
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Article
| Open AccessBroadband near-infrared emission in silicon waveguides
On-chip optical sensing and metrology systems are rapidly progressing, but CMOS-compatible silicon light sources remain a challenge. This work demonstrates a broadband, foundry integrated silicon waveguide emitter and the theory that describes it.
- Marcel W. Pruessner
- , Nathan F. Tyndall
- & Todd H. Stievater
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Article
| Open AccessInward motion of diamond nanoparticles inside an iron crystal
It has long been believed that diffusion as individual atoms is the primary way for carbon to enter Fe crystals from outside. Here, the authors report an unusual mass transport way in solids, through which diamond nanoparticles can enter Fe spontaneously and translate inward for a long distance.
- Yuecun Wang
- , Xudong Wang
- & Zhiwei Shan
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Article
| Open AccessA parametrically programmable delay line for microwave photons
Delay lines for quantum information are key for quantum networking and hardware efficient quantum computers. Here, the authors present a virtual delay line for microwave pulses where data is stored in the excitations of a collection of resonators, demonstrating translation and swapping of data pulses.
- Takuma Makihara
- , Nathan Lee
- & Amir Safavi-Naeini
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Article
| Open AccessA zinc oxide resonant nano-accelerometer with ultra-high sensitivity
The authors report a zinc oxide resonant nano-accelerometer with sensitivity up to 16.818 kHz/g, which is attributed to the nano-resonators using zinc oxide nanowires and the optimized microleverages and push-pull structures.
- Pengfei Xu
- , Dazhi Wang
- & Yan Cui
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Article
| Open AccessCircular single-stranded DNA as a programmable vector for gene regulation in cell-free protein expression systems
Protein expression vectors in cell-free systems mainly rely on double-stranded DNA and single-stranded RNA. Here, authors use circular single-stranded DNA as a programmable vector for gene regulation in a cell-free expression system by identifying its expression pathways.
- Zhijin Tian
- , Dandan Shao
- & Jie Song
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Article
| Open AccessIn-situ observation of silk nanofibril assembly via graphene plasmonic infrared sensor
Here, the authors develop a graphene plasmonic infrared sensor to probe the secondary structure of nanoscale assembly intermediates and the morphological evolution of silk nanofibrils, the fundamental building blocks of silk fibres.
- Chenchen Wu
- , Yu Duan
- & Qing Dai
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Matters Arising
| Open AccessStructure of equations for gravity mass flows with entrainment
- Dieter Issler
- , Peter Gauer
- & Hervé Vicari
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Article
| Open AccessX-ray radiation damage cycle of solvated inorganic ions
A radiation damage cycle in X-ray-ionized solvated Mg ions is reported by the authors leading to production of water radicals and low-energy electrons. The Mg ion ends in its initial state quickly and can restart the cycle, multiplying the local damage.
- Dana Bloß
- , Florian Trinter
- & Andreas Hans
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Article
| Open AccessAtroposelective synthesis of biaxial bridged eight-membered terphenyls via a Co/SPDO-catalyzed aerobic oxidative coupling/desymmetrization of phenols
Biaryl compounds with an axial chirality are valuable architectures but few methods have been developed for the construction of bridged biaryls, a subclass of these compounds that bear a tether to connect the two arenes and form a medium-sized ring. Here, the authors design a Co/SPDO-catalyzed aerobic oxidative coupling/desymmetrization sequence of prochiral phenols for the enantioselective synthesis of biaxial bridged m-terphenyls embedded in an azocane.
- Shuang-Hu Wang
- , Shi-Qiang Wei
- & Tong-Mei Ding
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Article
| Open AccessDiscovering two general characteristic times of transient responses in solid oxide cells
A comprehensive understanding of the transient characteristics in solid oxide cells is crucial when integrated with intermittent renewable energy. Here, authors reveal expressions for two general characteristic times quantifying transient phenomena due to heat and mass transfer lags in SOCs.
- Zhaojian Liang
- , Jingyi Wang
- & Mengying Li
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Article
| Open AccessCO electrolysis to multicarbon products over grain boundary-rich Cu nanoparticles in membrane electrode assembly electrolyzers
Producing valuable chemicals like ethylene via catalytic CO conversion is an important nonpetroleum route. Here, authors demonstrate high-rate electrosynthesis of multicarbon chemicals via CO electrolysis, with a multicarbon product partial current density of 4.35 A cm−2 at a cell voltage of 2.78 V.
- Hefei Li
- , Pengfei Wei
- & Xinhe Bao
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Article
| Open AccessPhotoinduced dynamics during electronic transfer from narrow to wide bandgap layers in one-dimensional heterostructured materials
One-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures can realize atomically thin transistor junctions. Here, the authors study electron transfer in such layered structures using ultrafast diffraction and spectroscopy as well as theoretical simulations.
- Yuri Saida
- , Thomas Gauthier
- & Masaki Hada
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Article
| Open AccessThe quantum geometric origin of capacitance in insulators
The authors reveal a link between the quantum metric and the dielectric constant of insulators, determining the geometric capacitance of insulators and revealing the intrinsic delocalization of electrons in the lattice.
- Ilia Komissarov
- , Tobias Holder
- & Raquel Queiroz
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Article
| Open AccessThe observation of π-shifts in the Little-Parks effect in 4Hb-TaS2
The authors report the measurement of the Little-Parks effect in the unconventional superconductor candidate 4Hb-TaS2. They find a π-shift in the transition-temperature oscillations and an ehancement of Tc as a function of the out-of-plane field when a constant in-plane field is applied, consistent with a multi-component order parameter.
- Avior Almoalem
- , Irena Feldman
- & Amit Kanigel
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Article
| Open AccessElastic strain-induced amorphization in high-entropy alloys
Lattice stability related to the structural response is the basis for understanding mechanical and physical behavior of crystalline solids. Here, the authors show a manifestation of elastic instability in high-entropy alloys via elastic strain induced amorphization.
- Yeqiang Bu
- , Yuan Wu
- & Wei Yang