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| Open AccessMulti-site integrated optical addressing of trapped ions
A promising strategy for scaling trapped-ion-based quantum technologies is to use fully integrated optical waveguides to deliver light to numerous ions at multiple sites. Here, the authors. optically address three ions using on-chip waveguides to deliver three distinct wavelengths per ion, and perform Rabi flopping on each ion simultaneously.
- Joonhyuk Kwon
- , William J. Setzer
- & Hayden J. McGuinness
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Article
| Open AccessDelayed room temperature phosphorescence enabled by phosphines
Room-temperature phosphorescence usually occurs immediately after the removal of excitation. Here the authors achieve combined instant and delayed phosphorescence through introduction of phosphines into carbazole emitters.
- Guang Lu
- , Jing Tan
- & Hui Xu
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Article
| Open AccessStereospecific syn-dihalogenations and regiodivergent syn-interhalogenation of alkenes via vicinal double electrophilic activation strategy
Restricted reaction mechanism of anti-dihalogenation of alkenes makes it challenging to alter the diastereochemical course into the complementary syn-dihalogenation process. Here, the authors report a conceptually distinctive strategy for the simultaneous double electrophilic activation of the two alkene carbons from the same side to realize syn-dihalogenation.
- Hyeon Moon
- , Jungi Jung
- & Won-jin Chung
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Article
| Open AccessAnomalous dynamics of a passive droplet in active turbulence
The fluctuating dynamics of a passive object suspended in an active fluid can provide fundamental insight into the fundamental non-equilibrium behavior of the fluid. Singh and Chaudhuri theoretically investigate the dynamics of a passive deformable droplet in active nematic turbulence and show how the motion of the droplet is influenced by the interplay of spatial correlations of the flow and the size of the droplet.
- Chamkor Singh
- & Abhishek Chaudhuri
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Article
| Open AccessSurpassing millisecond coherence in on chip superconducting quantum memories by optimizing materials and circuit design
Understanding loss mechanisms in superconducting circuits is crucial for improving qubit coherence. Here the authors use a multimode resonator to study loss mechanisms in thin-film superconducting circuits and demonstrate on-chip quantum memories with lifetimes exceeding 1ms, using Ta thin-films and high-temperature substrate annealing
- Suhas Ganjam
- , Yanhao Wang
- & Robert J. Schoelkopf
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Article
| Open AccessWaveguide-integrated twisted bilayer graphene photodetectors
Silicon-integrated graphene photodetectors exhibit promising bandwidths at telecom wavelengths, but their responsivity is usually limited. Here, the authors report the wafer-scale fabrication of waveguide-integrated detectors based on twisted bilayer graphene, showing responsivities up to 0.65 A/W and 3-dB bandwidths >65 GHz.
- Qinci Wu
- , Jun Qian
- & Hailin Peng
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Article
| Open AccessDiastereo-divergent synthesis of chiral hindered ethers via a synergistic calcium(II)/gold(I) catalyzed cascade hydration/1,4-addition reaction
Developing an efficient method for the stereocontrolled synthesis of all stereoisomers of chiral hindered ethers is highly desirable but challenging. Here, the authors report an asymmetric cascade reaction catalyzed by a bimetallic catalytic system with control over the configuration of the stereocenters of tetra-aryl substituted ethers.
- Xiangfeng Lin
- , Xia Mu
- & Can Li
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Article
| Open AccessA human-machine interface for automatic exploration of chemical reaction networks
Automated reaction exploration is the key to systematic elucidation of chemical mechanisms. Here, the authors introduce a generally applicable algorithm to steer an automated exploration towards region of interest in chemical reaction space.
- Miguel Steiner
- & Markus Reiher
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Article
| Open AccessTunneling current-controlled spin states in few-layer van der Waals magnets
Magnetic tunnel junctions consist of two magnetic layers, separated by a thin insulator. The simplicity belies the industrial importance: magnetic tunnel junctions have a very wide variety of applications in contemporary society. Here, Fu et al present a magnetic tunnel junction composed of single van der Waals magnetic insulator, CrI3, exhibiting remarkably low power consumption.
- ZhuangEn Fu
- , Piumi I. Samarawickrama
- & Jifa Tian
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Article
| Open AccessOptofluidic crystallithography for directed growth of single-crystalline halide perovskites
Precise and spatio-temporal control of crystallization kinetics is important but challenging. Here, the authors propose an optical strategy called optofluidic crystallithography to steer the growth of single-crystalline halide perovskites.
- Xue-Guang Chen
- , Linhan Lin
- & Hong-Bo Sun
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Article
| Open AccessAn artificial visual neuron with multiplexed rate and time-to-first-spike coding
Multiplexed spiking data coding schemes could enable artificial visual neurons to emulate the human visual system in a more biologically plausible way. Here, Li et al. present an artificial neuron device capable of encoding visual analog signals into spike trains using multiplexed rate and temporal fusion coding. Reviewer recognition:
- Fanfan Li
- , Dingwei Li
- & Bowen Zhu
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Article
| Open AccessBoosting organic phosphorescence in adaptive host-guest materials by hyperconjugation
Room-temperature phosphorescence is usually inefficient in purely organic material. Here, the authors achieve near-unity phosphorescence efficiency with color tunability in adaptive host-guest materials through use of hyperconjugation.
- Huili Ma
- , Lishun Fu
- & Wei Huang
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Article
| Open AccessThe role of charge in microdroplet redox chemistry
Redox reactions exhibit different thermodynamics and kinetics in water microdroplets compared to the bulk. Here, the authors use reactive molecular dynamics to show the importance of charged reactive species in explaining reactivity under confinement.
- Joseph P. Heindel
- , R. Allen LaCour
- & Teresa Head-Gordon
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Article
| Open AccessSwitchable chemoselective aryne reactions between nucleophiles and pericyclic reaction partners using either 3-methoxybenzyne or 3-silylbenzyne
Due to the electrophilic nature of arynes, it is very challenging to control chemoselectivity, when substrates possess multiple competing reaction sites. Here, the authors demonstrate that chemoselective control between two major types of benzyne transformation is accomplished by varying the 3-substituent on aryne intermediate.
- Hongcheng Tan
- , Shuxin Yu
- & Yang Li
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Article
| Open AccessBiocomposite thermoplastic polyurethanes containing evolved bacterial spores as living fillers to facilitate polymer disintegration
Plastic pollution severely threatens the resilience of nature. Here, the authors utilize the spore-forming, polymer-degrading bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, as a living filler to develop biocomposite thermoplastic polyurethane with improved mechanical properties and biodegradation.
- Han Sol Kim
- , Myung Hyun Noh
- & Jonathan K. Pokorski
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Article
| Open AccessIsostructural doping for organic persistent mechanoluminescence
Organic mechanoluminescent materials have potential in a range of applications, but it can be challenging to achieve long-lived emission. Here, the authors report isostructural doping as a strategy to achieve multicolour and high efficiency organic mechanoluminescence, applied in stress sensing.
- Zongliang Xie
- , Yufeng Xue
- & Bin Liu
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Article
| Open AccessCharge density waves tuned by biaxial tensile stress
Previous studies of the effects of strain on charge density waves have mostly focused on uniaxial strain. Here the authors use a biaxial-strain device to demonstrate switching of the charge density wave orientation, as well as a strong linear increase of the transition temperature while the gap seems to saturate.
- A. Gallo–Frantz
- , V. L. R. Jacques
- & D. Le Bolloc’h
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Article
| Open AccessTraining an Ising machine with equilibrium propagation
Ising machines have been usually applied to predefined combinatorial problems due to their distinct physical properties. The authors introduce an approach that utilizes equilibrium propagation for the training of Ising machines and achieves high accuracy performance on classification tasks.
- Jérémie Laydevant
- , Danijela Marković
- & Julie Grollier
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Article
| Open AccessNoncovalent synthesis of homo and hetero-architectures of supramolecular polymers via secondary nucleation
Synthesis of supramolecular polymers with controlled architecture is desirable but challenging. Here, the authors use a secondary nucleation event to prepare a range of supramolecular polymer architectures.
- Srinu Kotha
- , Rahul Sahu
- & Kotagiri Venkata Rao
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Matters Arising
| Open AccessOn the statistical foundation of a recent single molecule FRET benchmark
- Ayush Saurabh
- , Lance W. Q. Xu
- & Steve Pressé
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Article
| Open AccessSolving conformal defects in 3D conformal field theory using fuzzy sphere regularization
The study of defects and boundaries in the context of conformal field theory is important but challenging in dimensions higher than two. Here the authors use the recently developed fuzzy sphere regularization approach to perform non-perturbative analysis of defect conformal field theory in 3D
- Liangdong Hu
- , Yin-Chen He
- & W. Zhu
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Article
| Open AccessIn situ enzymatic control of colloidal phoresis and catalysis through hydrolysis of ATP
The design of synthetic systems that can sense chemical gradients and respond with directional motility and chemical activity is of interest. Here, the authors realize and control such behaviors in a synthetic system by tailoring multivalent interactions of adenosine nucleotides with catalytic microbeads.
- Ekta Shandilya
- , Bhargav Rallabandi
- & Subhabrata Maiti
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Article
| Open AccessPhotonic time-crystalline behaviour mediated by phonon squeezing in Ta2NiSe5
Photonic time crystal refers to a material whose dielectric properties oscillate in time. Here the authors theoretically show such behaviour in the excitonic insulator candidate Ta2NiSe5 under optical excitation and use it to explain the enhanced THz reflectivity recently observed in pump-probe experiments
- Marios H. Michael
- , Sheikh Rubaiat Ul Haque
- & Eugene Demler
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Article
| Open AccessAll-natural 2D nanofluidics as highly-efficient osmotic energy generators
Researchers report a sustainable nanofluidic osmotic energy harvester made from natural montmorillonite clay nanosheets and recycled cellulose. Scaled-up films of 700 cm2 show power output of 8 W m−2 with stability over 30 days
- Jiadong Tang
- , Yun Wang
- & Tieyong Zuo
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Article
| Open AccessCatalytic 1,1-diazidation of alkenes
Compared to well-developed catalytic 1,2-diazidation of alkenes, the corresponding catalytic 1,1-diazidation of alkenes has not been realized. Here, the authors report an efficient approach for catalytic 1,1-diazidation of alkenes by redox-active selenium catalysis.
- Wangzhen Qiu
- , Lihao Liao
- & Xiaodan Zhao
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Article
| Open AccessNucleoside Phosphorylases make N7-xanthosine
Nucleoside-processing enzymes exhibit strict regioselectivity for glycosylation of purine nucleobases at N9. Here, the authors report an exception and show that wild type nucleoside phosphorylases also furnish N7-xanthosine, a non-native ribosylation regioisomer of xanthosine.
- Sarah Westarp
- , Felix Brandt
- & Felix Kaspar
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Article
| Open AccessSpatial decoupling of bromide-mediated process boosts propylene oxide electrosynthesis
The practical application of electrosynthesis of propylene oxide is hindered by limited performance. Here, the authors report a spatial decoupling strategy by utilizing the bromide mediator to link propylene and anode within separated reactors, realizing high-performance electrosynthesis of propylene oxide.
- Mingfang Chi
- , Jingwen Ke
- & Jie Zeng
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Article
| Open AccessHighly efficient in crystallo energy transduction of light to work
Crystals are known to have a range of responses to light, but multiple responses in the same material are rare. Here, the authors report different mechanical effects in response to light across three polymorphs as a result of a dimerization reaction.
- Jiawei Lin
- , Jianmin Zhou
- & Junbo Gong
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Article
| Open AccessIntegrated 2D multi-fin field-effect transistors
Here, the authors report the ledge-guided epitaxial growth of high-density 2D Bi2O2Se fin arrays and their application for the realization of 2D multi-channel fin field-effect transistors, showing improved on-state currents as the number of integrated channels is increased.
- Mengshi Yu
- , Congwei Tan
- & Hailin Peng
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Article
| Open AccessAllotrope-dependent activity-stability relationships of molybdenum sulfide hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts
The stability of non-noble catalysts is key for their use in proton exchange membrane water electrolysers. Here, authors study activity-stability relationships of MoSx allotropes for H2 production, reporting allotrope-dependent stabilities and dissolution pathways, and propose operation guidelines.
- Daniel Escalera-López
- , Christian Iffelsberger
- & Serhiy Cherevko
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Article
| Open AccessRoom-temperature low-threshold avalanche effect in stepwise van-der-Waals homojunction photodiodes
The avalanche or carrier-multiplication effect has the potential to improve the performance of photodetectors and solar cells, but usually requires high threshold energies. Here, the authors report stepwise WSe2 homojunctions exhibiting threshold energies approaching the semiconductor bandgap at room temperature.
- Hailu Wang
- , Hui Xia
- & Wei Lu
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Article
| Open AccessMolecular tuning boosts asymmetric C-C coupling for CO conversion to acetate
This work presents a general surface molecular tuning strategy to promote the electrochemical reduction of CO.
- Jie Ding
- , Fuhua Li
- & Bin Liu
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Article
| Open AccessSelf-condensation-assisted chemical vapour deposition growth of atomically two-dimensional MOF single-crystals
2D MOFs have a variety of applications, including molecular separation and atomically thin electronics. Here authors demonstrate the preparation of monolayer and few-layer MOF single-crystals using a self-condensation-assisted CVD method.
- Lingxin Luo
- , Lingxiang Hou
- & Jian Zheng
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Article
| Open AccessParallel wavelength-division-multiplexed signal transmission and dispersion compensation enabled by soliton microcombs and microrings
The authors present a scalable on-chip parallel intensity modulation and direct detection (IM-DD) data transmission system. This system offers an aggregate line rate of 1.68 Tbit/s over a 20-km-long SMF. For the chromatic dispersion compensation of 40-km-SMFs, the energy consumption is ~0.3 pJ/bit, much less than the commercial 400G-ZR coherent transceivers counterparts.
- Yuanbin Liu
- , Hongyi Zhang
- & Andrew W. Poon
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Article
| Open AccessEfficient tandem electroreduction of nitrate into ammonia through coupling Cu single atoms with adjacent Co3O4
An optimal catalyst for nitrate electroreduction should satisfy the simultaneously optimized adsorption of intermediates. Here, the authors report a tandem electrocatalyst by combining Cu single atoms with Co3O4 nanosheets, enhancing the binding with NO2−, thus promoting nitrate electroreduction to NH3.
- Yan Liu
- , Jie Wei
- & Jie Zeng
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Perspective
| Open AccessEngineering is evolution: a perspective on design processes to engineer biology
Evolutionary and rational design approaches are commonly used to engineer biological systems but are typically seen at odds with each other. In this perspective the authors argue for the concept of an evolutionary design spectrum to help unify and compare these design methodologies to support more effective biological engineering.
- Simeon D. Castle
- , Michiel Stock
- & Thomas E. Gorochowski
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Article
| Open AccessSnail-inspired robotic swarms: a hybrid connector drives collective adaptation in unstructured outdoor environments
The authors introduce a 3D terrestrial robotic swarm equipped with a snail-inspired two-mode connection system for self-reconfigurability and mobility in unstructured environments.
- Da Zhao
- , Haobo Luo
- & Tin Lun Lam
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Article
| Open AccessNonmagnetic framboid and associated iron nanoparticles with a space-weathered feature from asteroid Ryugu
Electron holography discovered nonmagnetic framboids and many iron nanoparticles with a vortex magnetic flux formed by magnetite reduction due to a micrometeoroid impact on asteroid Ryugu, providing a new way to study the Solar System magnetic field.
- Yuki Kimura
- , Takeharu Kato
- & Shogo Tachibana
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Article
| Open AccessSkin graft with dermis and appendages generated in vivo by cell competition
Skin substitutes generated by tissue engineering have limited properties. Here, authors established niche encroachment method. Cell competition enabled skin organogenesis from allogeneic and xenogeneic stem cells on p63 knockout embryos, resulting in a complete skin graft on dermis with hair.
- Hisato Nagano
- , Naoaki Mizuno
- & Hiromitsu Nakauchi
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Article
| Open AccessStress-shape misalignment in confluent cell layers
When studying nematic ordering of cells in a monolayer, it is commonly assumed that the principal stress and cell shape axes are tightly coupled. Here, the authors measure cell shape and cell-generated contractile stresses and show that cells in monolayers form correlated, dynamic domains in which the stresses are systematically misaligned with the cell bodies.
- Mehrana R. Nejad
- , Liam J. Ruske
- & Julia M. Yeomans
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Article
| Open AccessCurrent-sensitive Hall effect in a chiral-orbital-current state
In most materials, the hall conductivity has a scaling to the longitudinal resistance that varies between linear and quadratic. Here, Zhang et al demonstrate a hall conductivity proportional to the fifth power of the longitudinal conductivity in Mn3Si2Te6, which they attribute to enhanced force on charge carriers due to chiral orbital currents.
- Yu Zhang
- , Yifei Ni
- & Gang Cao
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Article
| Open AccessTimescale correlation of shallow trap states increases electrochemiluminescence efficiency in carbon nitrides
Differences in timescales of electron transfer reactions limit the efficiency of electrochemiluminescence. Here, the authors coordinate the timescales using shallow trap states in carbon nitride to achieve high efficiencies applied in nitrite sensing.
- Yanfeng Fang
- , Hong Yang
- & Yuanjian Zhang
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Article
| Open AccessFrequency-encoded eye tracking smart contact lens for human–machine interaction
Eye tracking techniques enable high-efficient, natural, and effortless human-machine interaction. Here, Zhu et al. proposed a contact lens to track eye movement for wireless eye-machine interaction
- Hengtian Zhu
- , Huan Yang
- & Fei Xu
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Article
| Open AccessPlasma-assisted manipulation of vanadia nanoclusters for efficient selective catalytic reduction of NOx
Achieving supported nanoclusters with unique geometric and electronic structures continues to pose a challenge. Here, the authors introduce a plasma-assisted treatment approach for generating supported metal oxide nanoclusters, facilitated by the rapid transformation of monomeric dispersed metal oxides.
- Yong Yin
- , Bingcheng Luo
- & Xiang Li
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Article
| Open AccessStaggered structural dynamic-mediated selective adsorption of H2O/D2O on flexible graphene oxide nanosheets
Graphene oxide is a promising material for molecular separation technologies. Here, the authors propose a realistic staggered stacking structure that plays a crucial role in H/D recognition in water adsorption, as well as high mobilities of water.
- Ryusuke Futamura
- , Taku Iiyama
- & Katsumi Kaneko
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Article
| Open AccessFrequency tunable magnetostatic wave filters with zero static power magnetic biasing circuitry
Magnetostatic wave filters have a wide working frequency range, small size and high Q-factor, however, they are hampered by the need for a large external electromagnet to provide a bias magnetic field. Here, Du et al demonstrate an extremely small and low power external magnetic bias assembly with zero static power consumption, removing the need for bulky and energy intensive electromagnets.
- Xingyu Du
- , Mohamad Hossein Idjadi
- & Roy H. Olsson III
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Article
| Open AccessThree-dimensional domain identification in a single hexagonal manganite nanocrystal
The authors present a 3D determination of the ferroelectric domain structure in a hexagonal yttrium manganite nanocrystal using multi-peak Bragg coherent x-ray diffraction imaging and reconstructing the full displacement field and strain tensor
- Ahmed H. Mokhtar
- , David Serban
- & Marcus C. Newton
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Article
| Open AccessNear-strain-free anode architecture enabled by interfacial diffusion creep for initial-anode-free quasi-solid-state batteries
Initially anode-free batteries with garnet-type solid-state electrolytes suffer from internal strain by repeated Li plating/stripping. Here, the authors propose a near-strain-free anode architecture for interfacial diffusion of Li metal that suppresses volume expansion during cycling.
- Kwang Hee Kim
- , Myung-Jin Lee
- & Jong Hyeok Park
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Article
| Open AccessRevealing hidden spin polarization in centrosymmetric van der Waals materials on ultrafast timescales
A major challenge for spin-based information technologies is the generation of spin polarization in otherwise nonmagnetic materials. Here, Arnoldi et al. demonstrate how ultrafast laser excitations can be used to generate spin polarization in a fullerene/tungsten diselenide heterostructure.
- B. Arnoldi
- , S. L. Zachritz
- & B. Stadtmüller