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Despite the high prevalence of overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome, its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Twin studies offer a unique opportunity for studying the genetics of this disorder, but trials are limited by heterogeneous patient populations. Improved understanding of genetic factors in OAB will be vital to developing targeted management.
PSA dynamics and conventional imaging methods currently used to assess biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer after definitive treatment with radiotherapy are insufficient, especially considering that different salvage options are available. Prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA-PET) is a novel imaging method that was shown to be more accurate than conventional imaging in prostate cancer staging, and can have a role in detecting disease recurrence after radiotherapy.
Androgen deprivation therapy potentiates cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, which is the most common cause of non-cancer-related death in patients with prostate cancer. Whether the mode of testosterone suppression affects the risk of cardiovascular adverse events is unclear, especially as the 2021 PRONOUNCE trial — which aimed to compare the cardiovascular risks of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists with GnRH agonists — was prematurely terminated.
Across health care, clinicians are increasingly using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to give a voice to patients and to help standardize the assessment of patients for comparison purposes. With this increasing use, the limitations of these PROMs should not be underestimated within the diverse population that we treat.
Although gynaecology is a specialty responsible for women’s health, the field was historically male-dominated and its science remains biased towards male perceptions of women’s health. In light of the changing social climate in our society and the changing gender composition of the specialty, a number of steps can be taken to make gynaecology more women-centred.
Transition from child-centred to adult-centred care is a crucial step for patients with a congenital urological disease. The aims are clear: preserving kidney function, continence, sexuality and fertility. No universal model for this process has been defined, but, while research continues, attention to individual patient’s needs will ensure the best results.
The treatment landscape of renal cell carcinoma is rapidly evolving, especially with the introduction and approval of immune checkpoint inhibitor combination therapies. Clinical trial data show substantial improvements in patient outcomes, and now results in the real-world setting support the use of these combinations.