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Brain tissue from patients with focal cortical dysplasia type II (FCDII) exhibits dysmorphic neurons bearing hallmarks of senescence. Treatment with a senolytic drug reduces seizures in an FCDII preclinical mouse model.
Neural activity does not always lie in a low-dimensional subspace. The authors extend this classic view to show that task-relevant information is distributed across multiple covariability classes and propose a new method, sliceTCA, to disentangle them.
This paper shows that compulsive-like grooming in Sapap3-knockout mice can be reduced by closed-loop optogenetic stimulation of striatal interneurons based on grooming onset prediction, suggesting that adaptive stimulation may have therapeutic potential in obsessive–compulsive disorder.
The layout of cortical systems varies across people, which is assumed to be largely due to border shifts between nearby systems. Dworetsky et al. reveal a qualitatively different variation in systems that occurs at a distance from expected locations.
Xiao et al. show that, in monkeys freely viewing natural images, visual neurons from V1 to the inferior temporal cortex encode feature information in the gaze-centered space with limited predictive remapping and develop a neural network model to map the receptive fields.
Charlton and Goris developed a new perceptual decision-making task for macaque monkeys and found that prefrontal circuits involved in action selection are also used for the deliberation of abstract propositions divorced from a specific motor plan.
What mechanisms enable brains to maintain behaviors after neuron loss? Based on behavioral, neuronal and modeling data, Wang et al. find that unsupervised cellular and systems-level restorative mechanisms can ensure behavioral resilience.
Gene expression in the human cortex is shown to involve three general components, which reflect metabolic and immune programs of healthy development, and link case–control imaging and transcriptomics to genetic risk for autism and schizophrenia.
Neuroinflammation and microglia significantly contribute to Alzheimer’s disease pathology, depending on their activation state. We found that TREM2-expressing microglia are a heterogenous population spanning activated to senescent cells.
Using human iPSC-derived and mouse neurons, this study demonstrates that mRNA transport on lysosome-related vesicles is critical for the maintenance of axonal homeostasis and that its failure causes axonal degeneration.
RNA alternative splicing is involved in determining cell identity, but a comprehensive molecular map is missing. Here, the authors provide a human and mouse brain atlas of transcript isoforms linking them to cellular identity, brain regions and development stages.
Precise profiling of dendritic RNA regulation reveals how neuronal depolarization leads to ribosome switching onto short upstream open reading frames and new coding sequences to acutely modulate local protein synthesis.
How astrocytes can integrate information is incompletely understood. Here the authors show that locus coeruleus-controlled calcium signals in hippocampal astrocytes propagating from their processes to their soma are involved in the information integration upon salient events.
Silva et al. definitively establish climbing fiber-driven complex spike events as essential instructive signals for associative cerebellar learning while also revealing unexpected features of optogenetic manipulation.
Human microglia transplanted in the mouse brain mount a multipronged response to amyloid-β pathology, displaying unique transcriptional states. Alzheimer’s disease risk genes are differentially regulated across cell states and profoundly alter microglial function.
The role of TREM1 in neurodegenerative diseases is unclear. Here the authors show that TREM1 promotes cognitive decline in aging and in the context of amyloid pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease.
Brain region-specific oligodendrocyte population dynamics are unclear. Here the authors implement long-term in vivo three-photon imaging to determine those dynamics in the cortical and subcortical areas in the living intact and demyelinated adult mouse brain.
The Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain (MIDB) Precision Brain Atlas is a resource of personalized brain network topographies (n = 9,900). It also provides a probabilistic atlas and integration zones across diverse magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) datasets and ages. The atlas increases the reliability of brain-wide association studies (BWAS) and improves targeting for neuromodulation.
Oligodendrocytes are vulnerable to chemical toxicity during development. However, few environmental chemicals have been identified as potential hazards. Here, the authors discover chemicals in common household products as harmful to oligodendrocyte development.
The authors find that Piezo1 stimulation enhances meningeal lymphatics and boosts CSF drainage to treat hydrocephalus and ventriculomegaly, showing promise in Down syndrome and hydrocephalus models.