Volume 519 Issue 7543, 19 March 2015

The public’s distorted attitude towards mental-health conditions hampers their treatment.

The latest episode of the Nature Audiofile podcast looks at how music inspires science.

Ebola vaccines have little in the way of commercial markets, so the risks should be shared between governments and industry, says Seth Berkley.

An essay argues that the rapid sharing of science stories on social media can spread misinformation.

The week in science: Carbon dioxide emissions stall; lapses in hygiene practices at biosafety lab; and vaccine advice on rare meningitis W.

Researchers will score more-powerful varieties of the drug courtesy of the National Institute on Drug Abuse.

Astronomers ask federal government to honour promise for Thirty Meter Telescope.

Researchers disagree over whether making heritable changes to human genes crosses a line.

Letter from scientists questions commercially driven funding decisions.

US planetary scientists dream up voyages of discovery, from Venus mappers to asteroid tours.

Short-sightedness is reaching epidemic proportions. Some scientists think they have found a reason why.

Daniel Pauly is sounding the alarm over global fish harvests, but others think he is making too much noise.

Meeting global food needs requires strategies for storing rainwater and retaining soil moisture to bridge dry spells, urge Johan Rockström and Malin Falkenmark.

Agree what is needed, look for leaders with fire in their belly and emotional intelligence, and support them, advise Pierre-Alain Clavien and Joseph Deiss.

Sandra Knapp reviews a study of our symbiotic relationship with pips and pulses.

Emily A. Holmes commends a theatrical meditation on obsessive–compulsive disorder.

Roger Pielke Jr relishes a bold study focusing on the battles that can poison research.

Laser co-inventor, astrophysicist and US presidential adviser.

Enzymes bind carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in a highly precise way, whereas synthetic materials just passively adsorb it. Or do they? A study of compounds called metal–organic frameworks now challenges this picture. See Article p.303

The carbon sink in the land biosphere has grown during the past 30 years, taking up much of the carbon dioxide produced by human activities. The first signs of this growth levelling off have been spotted in Amazon forests. See Letter p.344

Two studies investigate how information about temperature is processed in the brains of fruit flies, and reveal that different neuronal pathways transmit heating and cooling signals to higher brain regions. See Letters p.353 & p.358

Devices known as luminescent solar concentrators could find use as renewable-energy generators, but have so far been plagued by a major light-reabsorption effect. A new study offers a promising route to tackling this problem.

Taking inspiration from a modern technological advance, a classic technique — low-frequency electrical stimulation of a deep-brain region — has been refined to combat cocaine addiction in experiments in mice.

Vaccines that induce an antitumour immune response are disappointingly ineffective in treating patients with cancer. Pre-conditioning the vaccination site to induce inflammation might provide a way to improve this therapy. See Letter p.366

A cooperative insertion mechanism for CO₂ adsorption is shown to generate highly efficient adsorbents for carbon capture applications.

Extensive genetic analysis of over 2,000 individuals from different locations in Britain reveals striking fine-scale patterns of population structure; comparisons with similar genetic data from the European continent reveal the legacy of earlier population migrations and information about the ancestry of current populations in specific geographic regions.

dG•dT and rG•rU ‘wobble’ mispairs in DNA and RNA transiently form base pairs with Watson–Crick geometry via tautomerization and ionization with probabilities that correlate with misincorporation probabilities during replication and translation.

The crystal structure of the heterohexameric origin recognition complex (ORC), essential for coordinating DNA replication onset in eukaryotes, is resolved at 3.5 Å resolution.

Far-infrared measurements of galaxies in the early Universe would reveal their detailed properties, but have been lacking for the more typical galaxies where most stars form; here an archetypal, early Universe star-forming galaxy is detected at far-infrared wavelengths, allowing its dust mass, total star-formation rate and dust-to-gas ratio to be calculated.

Detection of carbon monoxide in a molecular cloud in dwarf galaxy NGC 5253 reveals the highest star-formation efficiency yet seen, driven by an accreting streamer of gas.

A combination of norbornene and pyridine-type ligand enables commonly used ortho-directing groups to direct meta-C–H activation with palladium catalysts.

Empirical evidence for the effect of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels on Earth’s surface energy balance is presented: the increase in surface radiative forcing from 2000 to 2010 measured at two sites is directly attributable to the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide over that decade and agrees with model results.

The capacity of Amazonian forests to sequester carbon has weakened with potentially important implications for climate change.

In vitro evolution experiments on haploid, diploid, and tetraploid yeast strains show that adaptation is faster in tetraploids, providing direct quantitative evidence that in some environments polyploidy can accelerate evolutionary adaptation.

The mechanisms of thermosensing in the Drosophila brain are elucidated by the identification of distinct classes of projection neurons which are excited either by external cooling or warming, or both; the neurons that are excited by warming participate in complex circuits that incorporate crossover inhibition from cool receptor neurons.

This study identifies distinct classes of neurons in the fly brain, which respond to external cooling, warming, or both, and contribute to behavioural response; the results illustrate how higher brain centres extract a stimulus’ quality, intensity and timing from a simple temperature map at the periphery.

The structure and function of CetZ, a protein related to both tubulin and FtsZ (the bacterial homologue of tubulin) from the archaeon Haloferax volcanii, is reported and its involvement in the control of cell shape uncovered; it appears that this family of proteins was involved in the control of cell shape long before the evolution of eukaryotes.

A clinical trial in patients with glioblastoma shows increased immune and anti-tumour responses to dendritic cell vaccination after pre-conditioning the site of vaccination with tetanus toxoid (Td); similar results are also seen in mice in part due to the actions of the chemokine CCL3, and the findings may represent new ways to improve the efficacy of anti-cancer vaccines.

A human tRNA synthetase connects resveratrol to stress signalling.

A newly developed method, NAD captureSeq, has been used to show that bacteria cap the 5′-ends of some RNAs to protect against degradation, much as happens with eukaryotic messenger RNAs, although with a different modification: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.

Manufacturers are snapping up chemists who can make their products more environmentally friendly.

The price of fame.