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Trapping and rotating nanoparticles using a plasmonic nano-tweezer with an integrated heat sink
Plasmonic nanostructures can be used to manipulate objects larger than the wavelength of light but create thermal heating. In this work, the trapping and controlled rotation of nanoparticles is demonstrated using a plasmonic nanotweezer with a heat sink, predicting a reduction in heating compared with previous designs.
- Kai Wang
- , Ethan Schonbrun
- & Kenneth B. Crozier
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Arrays of Lucius microprisms for directional allocation of light and autostereoscopic three-dimensional displays
Autostereoscopic three-dimensional displays allow the perception of depth, by presenting offset images to the left and right eye, without the need for specialized glasses. Yoonet al propose a Luciusmicroprism array to control the directionality and intensity of light in three-dimensional displays.
- Hyunsik Yoon
- , Sang-Guen Oh
- & Hong H. Lee
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Strong plasmonic enhancement of photovoltage in graphene
Photodetection is believed to be among the most promising potential applications for graphene. Here, by combining graphene with plasmonic nanostructures, the efficiency of graphene-based photodetectors is increased by up to two orders of magnitude.
- T.J. Echtermeyer
- , L. Britnell
- & K.S. Novoselov
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| Open AccessField measurements suggest the mechanism of laser-assisted water condensation
Various methods have been investigated to locally control atmospheric precipitation. In this study, field experiments show that laser-induced condensation is initiated when the relative humidity exceeds 70%, and that this effect is largely a result of photochemical HNO3formation.
- S. Henin
- , Y. Petit
- & J.-P. Wolf
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Spatio-temporal focusing of an ultrafast pulse through a multiply scattering medium
Multiple scattering complicates femtosecond optics such that phase conjugation allows spatial focusing and imaging through a multiple scattering medium, but temporal control is problematic. McCabeet al. report the full spatio-temporal characterization and recompression of a femtosecond speckle field.
- David J. McCabe
- , Ayhan Tajalli
- & Béatrice Chatel
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On-chip steering of entangled photons in nonlinear photonic crystals
The development of practical photonic quantum technologies will be aided by the spatial control of entangled photons. Lenget al. achieve on-chip spatial control of entangled photons by using domain engineering, rather than by using external optical elements.
- H.Y. Leng
- , X.Q. Yu
- & S.N. Zhu
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| Open AccessPhoton extrabunching in ultrabright twin beams measured by two-photon counting in a semiconductor
The second order correlation functiong(2) is used to test quantum correlation properties of light. Here, two-photon counting is used to measure g(2)and an extrabunching effect is demonstrated, providing evidence that two-photon counting is an appropriate method for measuring light beam photon correlations.
- F. Boitier
- , A. Godard
- & E. Rosencher
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| Open AccessFast cavity-enhanced atom detection with low noise and high fidelity
Single atoms can be detected using optical resonators that extend the lifetime of the photon. Here, the authors demonstrate fast, high-fidelity detection of very low atom densities using a microfabricated optical cavity to couple the detection light with the atoms.
- J. Goldwin
- , M. Trupke
- & E.A. Hinds
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| Open AccessAdding control to arbitrary unknown quantum operations
Quantum computing has advantages over conventional computing, but the complexity of quantum algorithms creates technological challenges. Here, an architecture-independent technique, that simplifies adding control qubits to arbitrary quantum operations, is developed and demonstrated.
- Xiao-Qi Zhou
- , Timothy C. Ralph
- & Jeremy L. O'Brien
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Stimulated optomechanical excitation of surface acoustic waves in a microdevice
Brillouin interactions between sound and light can excite mechanical resonances in photonic microsystems, with potential for sensing and frequency reference applications. The authors demonstrate experimental excitation of mechanical resonances ranging from 49 to 1,400 MHz using forward Brillouin scattering.
- Gaurav Bahl
- , John Zehnpfennig
- & Tal Carmon
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| Open AccessCascaded logic gates in nanophotonic plasmon networks
Optical computing, involving on-chip integrated logic units, could provide improved performance over semiconductor-based computing. Here, a binary NOR gate is developed from cascaded OR and NOT gates in four-terminal plasmonic nanowire networks; the work could lead to new optical computing technologies.
- Hong Wei
- , Zhuoxian Wang
- & Hongxing Xu
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| Open AccessOptical switching of nuclear spin–spin couplings in semiconductors
Two-qubit operation is an essential part of quantum computation, but implementation has been difficult. Gotoet al.introduce optically controllable internuclear coupling in semiconductors providing a simple way of switching inter-qubit couplings in semiconductor-based quantum computers.
- Atsushi Goto
- , Shinobu Ohki
- & Tadashi Shimizu
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Biologically inspired achromatic waveplates for visible light
Waveplates are used in optoelectronics to alter the polarization of light, but they do not typically perform achromatically, which is important for applications such as three-dimensional displays. Here, biologically inspired periodically multilayered structures are produced, which function as achromatic visible-light waveplates.
- Yi-Jun Jen
- , Akhlesh Lakhtakia
- & Jyun-Rong Lai
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| Open AccessThe vectorial control of magnetization by light
Light–matter interactions can be used to manipulate magnetization in solids, but light-controlled magnetization vector motion has not been demonstrated. Here, two-dimensional magnetic oscillations in NiO are manipulated with optical pulses leading to vectorial control of magnetization by light.
- Natsuki Kanda
- , Takuya Higuchi
- & Makoto Kuwata-Gonokami
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Observing chaos for quantum-dot microlasers with external feedback
Optoelectronic devices such as conventional semiconductor lasers are used to study the chaotic behaviour of nonlinear systems. Here chaos is observed for quantum-dot microlasers operating close to the quantum limit with potential for new directions in the study of chaos in quantum systems.
- Ferdinand Albert
- , Caspar Hopfmann
- & Ido Kanter
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Flexible concentrator photovoltaics based on microscale silicon solar cells embedded in luminescent waveguides
Photovoltaic systems comprising monocrystalline silicon have many applications in solar power generation. Yoonet al. describe a composite luminescent concentrator photovoltaic system containing arrays of microscale silicon solar cells, which can be implemented in ultrathin, mechanically bendable formats.
- Jongseung Yoon
- , Lanfang Li
- & John A. Rogers
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Experimental demonstration of low-loss optical waveguiding at deep sub-wavelength scales
Metal-based nanostructures offer a solution to scale down photonics to the nanoscale. Sorgeret al. directly demonstrate waveguiding of ultra-small propagating waves at visible and near-infrared frequencies using NSOM imaging, with the potential for nanoscale photonic applications such as bio-sensing.
- Volker J. Sorger
- , Ziliang Ye
- & Xiang Zhang
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| Open AccessNanoantenna-enhanced ultrafast nonlinear spectroscopy of a single gold nanoparticle
Optical nanoantennas can be used for spectroscopic investigations at previously unattainable dimensions. Schumacheret al.describe time-resolved antenna-enhanced ultrafast nonlinear optical spectroscopy and determine the transient absorption signal of a single gold nanoparticle.
- Thorsten Schumacher
- , Kai Kratzer
- & Markus Lippitz
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| Open AccessTransition to a Bose–Einstein condensate and relaxation explosion of excitons at sub-Kelvin temperatures
Bose–Einstein condensation of excitons in thermal equilibrium is a predicted quantum statistical phenomenon that has been difficult to observe. Yoshiokaet al. cool trapped excitons to sub-Kelvin temperatures and show that condensation manifests itself as a relaxation explosion as has been observed for atomic hydrogen.
- Kosuke Yoshioka
- , Eunmi Chae
- & Makoto Kuwata-Gonokami
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| Open AccessTravelling-wave resonant four-wave mixing breaks the limits of cavity-enhanced all-optical wavelength conversion
Wave mixing in optical resonators suffers from strong bandwidth constraints, hindering practical implementation. Morichettiet al. report travelling-wave four-wavemixing in coupled ring resonators, which combines the efficiency enhancement of resonant propagation with a wide-band conversion process.
- Francesco Morichetti
- , Antonio Canciamilla
- & Andrea Melloni
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Plasmonic beaming and active control over fluorescent emission
Nanometallic optical antennas can concentrate light into a deep-subwavelength volume for sensor and photovoltaic applications. Junet al. demonstrate an optical antenna design that achieves a high level of control over fluorescent emission for a wide range of nanoscale optical spectroscopy applications.
- Young Chul Jun
- , Kevin C.Y. Huang
- & Mark L. Brongersma
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A monolithically integrated plasmonic infrared quantum dot camera
Infrared cameras are used for night vision and in medical diagnostics, but currently only present monochrome images. Krishnaet al. demonstrate a monolithically intergrated plasmonic infrared quantum dot camera as a step towards coloured infrared imaging.
- Sang Jun Lee
- , Zahyun Ku
- & Sam Kyu Noh
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| Open AccessNano-engineered electron–hole exchange interaction controls exciton dynamics in core–shell semiconductor nanocrystals
Electron–hole exchange interaction is an intrinsic property of semiconductors, which affects their fine structure. Brovelliet al. demonstrate a nanoengineering-based approach that provides control over the exchange interaction energy at nearly constant emission energy, which cannot be carried out using core-only nanocrystals.
- S. Brovelli
- , R.D. Schaller
- & V.I. Klimov
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| Open Access3D optical Yagi–Uda nanoantenna array
Nanoantennas may be important for future photonic circuits; they combine an emitter or detector with free-space propagation of light. Dregelyet al. fabricate an array of 3D optical Yagi–Uda nanoantennas and show that radiofrequency antenna array concepts applied to the optical regime can provide improved directional properties.
- Daniel Dregely
- , Richard Taubert
- & Harald Giessen
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Tip-enhanced photovoltaic effects in bismuth ferrite
Bismuth ferrite has photoelectric properties that make it an attractive alternative for use in photovoltaic devices. Here, using photoelectric atomic force microscopy, the authors show that photogenerated carriers can be collected by the tip and suggest that this can be used in photoelectric applications.
- Marin Alexe
- & Dietrich Hesse
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| Open AccessWhispering gallery microresonators for second harmonic light generation from a low number of small molecules
Small molecules can be detected by second harmonic light generation, but sensitive detection usually requires a large number of molecules and a high-power laser source. Here, relatively low numbers of molecules are detected using Q spherical microresonators and low average power.
- J.L. Dominguez-Juarez
- , G. Kozyreff
- & Jordi Martorell
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| Open AccessNear-field examination of perovskite-based superlenses and superlens-enhanced probe-object coupling
A superlens with a negative index of refraction creates a perfect image because propagating waves focus and evanescent waves reconstruct in the image plane. Here, a perovskite-based superlens is demonstrated for electric evanescent fields, which has potential thermal sensor applications.
- S.C. Kehr
- , Y.M. Liu
- & R. Ramesh
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| Open AccessMultimode quantum interference of photons in multiport integrated devices
Multimode interference devices could allow the implementation of multiport circuits for quantum technologies. Here, quantum interference is demonstrated in 2×2 and 4×4 multimode interference devices, and a technique is reported to characterize such devices.
- Alberto Peruzzo
- , Anthony Laing
- & Jeremy L. O'Brien
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| Open AccessMacroscopic invisibility cloaking of visible light
Until now, invisibility cloaks have only covered a region of a few wavelengths because of their nanostructured materials. Chenet al.describe a macroscopic cloak, made of calcite birefringent crystals, which works for a specific polarization at visible wavelengths.
- Xianzhong Chen
- , Yu Luo
- & Shuang Zhang
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| Open AccessHigh efficiency coherent optical memory with warm rubidium vapour
Efficient memory systems are vital for the development of quantum communications technologies. Hosseini and colleagues describe an optical memory based on warm rubidium vapour that achieves 87% pulse recall efficiency, illustrating the potential of warm atomic vapour systems for quantum memory.
- M. Hosseini
- , B.M. Sparkes
- & B.C. Buchler
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Spherical hyperlens for two-dimensional sub-diffractional imaging at visible frequencies
Although hyperlenses made of metamaterials can image sub-diffraction-limited objects, they are limited to one-dimensional magnification and ultraviolet frequencies. Here, the authors demonstrate a spherical hyperlens for visible light far-field imaging, with a resolution of 160 nm in both lateral dimensions.
- Junsuk Rho
- , Ziliang Ye
- & Xiang Zhang
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Monolithic nonlinear pulse compressor on a silicon chip
The development of optical information processing depends on the demonstration of silicon-based all-optical circuit components. Here, the authors show a monolithic pulse compressor, compatible with current electronic processing technologies, which is able to function at low power input.
- Dawn T.H. Tan
- , Pang C. Sun
- & Yeshaiahu Fainman
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Image transmission through an opaque material
The challenge of reconstructing the image of an object when viewed through an opaque material is of particular importance for biological tissues. Here, the authors show that it is possible to reconstruct the image of a complex object from interference patterns of multiple wavefronts using phase-shifting interferometry.
- Sébastien Popoff
- , Geoffroy Lerosey
- & Sylvain Gigan
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| Open AccessPhase seeding of a terahertz quantum cascade laser
The phase of a laser pulse is usually random, which prevents its use for phase-resolved measurements. Here, the authors seed a quantum cascade laser with coherent terahertz pulses, forcing laser action to start on a fixed phase. This kind of laser could be used as a source in time-domain spectroscopy.
- Dimitri Oustinov
- , Nathan Jukam
- & Sukhdeep Dhillon
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Plasmonic nanoresonators for high-resolution colour filtering and spectral imaging
With the miniaturization of integrated optical devices, traditional colour filters are increasingly bulky. To supersede these, the authors devise a plasmonic metal–insulator–metal nanostructured array that can filter colours with high spatial and band resolution.
- Ting Xu
- , Yi-Kuei Wu
- & L. Jay Guo
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| Open AccessOn-chip CMOS-compatible all-optical integrator
One reason for using photonic devices is their speed—much faster than electronic circuits—but there are many challenges in integrating the two technologies. Ferreraet al. construct a CMOS-compatible monolithic optical waveform integrator, a key building block for photonic circuits.
- M. Ferrera
- , Y. Park
- & J. Azaña
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| Open AccessThree-dimensional broadband ground-plane cloak made of metamaterials
Optical cloaking has already been demonstrated in two dimensions, and also in three dimensions for a limited range of angles. Now, Ma and Cui present a metamaterial-based cloaking device that can shield an object lying on the ground plane from all viewing angles at microwave frequencies.
- Hui Feng Ma
- & Tie Jun Cui
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Experimental investigation of classical and quantum correlations under decoherence
Different types of correlations in quantum mechanical systems are crucial for quantum information processing. Xu and colleagues determine the sizes of classical correlations, entanglement and other types of quantum correlations in an optical setup.
- Jin-Shi Xu
- , Xiao-Ye Xu
- & Guang-Can Guo
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Mapping multiple photonic qubits into and out of one solid-state atomic ensemble
Quantum communication applications require memories capable of storing multiple qubits. To implement scalable architectures for this purpose, Usmani and coworkers turn to a rare-earth doped silicate, in which they demonstrate coherent and reversible mapping of 64 optical modes at the single photon level.
- Imam Usmani
- , Mikael Afzelius
- & Nicolas Gisin