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Malaria parasite tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase secretion triggers pro-inflammatory responses
Parasites such as malaria elicit an immune response in their host, causing cytokine levels to increase. In this study, a parasite housekeeping gene, tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, is shown to bind to host macrophages and, once inside the cells, enhance the levels of proinflammatory cytokines.
- Tarun Kumar Bhatt
- , Sameena Khan
- & Amit Sharma
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The ubiquitin ligase HACE1 regulates Golgi membrane dynamics during the cell cycle
The Golgi membrane is fragmented during mitosis and is subsequently fused following cell division and this process is known to be controlled by ubiquitination. In this study, the ubiquitin ligase HACE1 is shown to be targeted to the Golgi membrane and is required for fusion after the completion of mitosis.
- Danming Tang
- , Yi Xiang
- & Yanzhuang Wang
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| Open AccessBackbone rigidity and static presentation of guanidinium groups increases cellular uptake of arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptides
Cell-penetrating peptides can deliver molecular cargoes into living cells, and cross biological membranes by transduction—a non-endocytic mechanism. Here, the transduction efficiency of cyclic arginine-rich peptides is shown to be higher than that of more flexible linear peptides.
- Gisela Lättig-Tünnemann
- , Manuel Prinz
- & M. Cristina Cardoso
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Article
| Open AccessUnidirectional transfer of microRNA-loaded exosomes from T cells to antigen-presenting cells
Exosomes released from cells can transfer RNA to recipient cells. In this study, the authors demonstrate that microRNAs in exosomes from T cells can be transferred to antigen-presenting cells during immune synapsis, and that this can alter gene expression, suggesting a new form of cellular communication.
- María Mittelbrunn
- , Cristina Gutiérrez-Vázquez
- & Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
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A C2 domain protein kinase initiates phagocytosis in the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica
The phagocytosis of bacteria and other cells by trophozoites is an important process required for nutrition and pathogenesis. The authors identify a kinase, EhC2PK, that binds to the calcium-binding protein, EhCaBP1, and find that both proteins are involved in phagocytosis by the parasiteEntamoeba histolytica.
- Somlata
- , Sudha Bhattacharya
- & Alok Bhattacharya
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Article
| Open AccessLeucine-rich repeat kinase LRRK1 regulates endosomal trafficking of the EGF receptor
Activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor can result in its internalization and subsequent intracellular trafficking. In this study, the authors show that leucine-rich repeat kinase-1 can bind to the receptor and regulate its trafficking between different endosomal compartments.
- Hiroshi Hanafusa
- , Kouki Ishikawa
- & Kunihiro Matsumoto
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G-protein β2 subunit interacts with mitofusin 1 to regulate mitochondrial fusion
Little is known about the regulation of mitofusin proteins that are involved in the fusion of mitochondrial membranes. In this study, the authors report that a heterotrimeric G protein, Gβ-subunit 2, can interact with mitofusin 1, and is involved in the regulation of mitochondrial fusion.
- Juan Zhang
- , Weihua Liu
- & Quan Chen
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A single-vesicle content mixing assay for SNARE-mediated membrane fusion
SNARE protein-mediated vesicle fusion is usually monitored by indirect lipid mixing. Diaoet al. have developed a FRET-based single-vesicle content mixing assay, which elucidates fusion pore formation, and shows that the yeast SNARE complex mediates pore expansion in the absence of accessory proteins.
- Jiajie Diao
- , Zengliu Su
- & Taekjip Ha
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PI(3,5)P2 controls membrane trafficking by direct activation of mucolipin Ca2+ release channels in the endolysosome
Phosphoinositides activate intracellular ion channels to release Ca2+ from membrane-bound stores. This study demonstrates that Ca2+-permeable mucolipin TRP channels, TRPMLs, are activated by the phospholipid PI(3,5)P2in murine endolysosomes and yeast vacuoles.
- Xian-ping Dong
- , Dongbiao Shen
- & Haoxing Xu