Featured
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Article |
Superconductivity in twisted double bilayer graphene stabilized by WSe2
The authors use low-temperature transport measurements to report superconductivity in a twisted double bilayer graphene system.
- Ruiheng Su
- , Manabendra Kuiri
- & Joshua Folk
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Article |
Conversion of chirality to twisting via sequential one-dimensional and two-dimensional growth of graphene spirals
A graphene origami–kirigami technique offers an approach for growing intertwined graphene spirals with fixed twist angles, enabling the chirality of one-dimensional wrinkles to be converted into the twist angle of vertically stacked two-dimensional layers.
- Zhu-Jun Wang
- , Xiao Kong
- & Marc-Georg Willinger
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Editorial |
A mixed legacy
After a decade of intense activity, the Graphene Flagship has helped to establish an incipient European graphene industry, yet mainstream commercialization of graphene products continues to be hindered by limited market readiness and industry acceptance.
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Letter |
Ambipolar charge-transfer graphene plasmonic cavities
Employing an oxidation-activated charge transfer strategy to oxidize transition-metal dichalcogenides into transition-metal oxides, the authors imprint plasmonic cavities with laterally abrupt doping profiles and nanoscale precision demonstrating plasmonic whispering-gallery resonators.
- Brian S. Y. Kim
- , Aaron J. Sternbach
- & D. N. Basov
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Article |
Single-atom vibrational spectroscopy with chemical-bonding sensitivity
Vibrational spectroscopy now allows for the exploration of lattice vibrational properties at the chemical-bond level, revealing the impact of chemical-bonding configurations and atomic mass on local phonon modes in graphene with a new level of sensitivity.
- Mingquan Xu
- , De-Liang Bao
- & Wu Zhou
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Letter
| Open AccessExceptionally clean single-electron transistors from solutions of molecular graphene nanoribbons
Molecular graphene nanoribbons hold promise for quantum experiments in single-electron transistors but require improvements in their debundling. Here, the authors demonstrate ultra-clean transport devices by enhancing nanoribbon solubility via bulky groups on the nanoribbon edges.
- Wenhui Niu
- , Simen Sopp
- & Lapo Bogani
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News & Views |
Twisted growth by design
Twisted bilayer graphene is epitaxially grown between two adjacent Cu(111) surfaces, with the twist angle controlled by the rotation of the Cu foils as designed.
- Seong-Jun Yang
- & Cheol-Joo Kim
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Article |
Designed growth of large bilayer graphene with arbitrary twist angles
Angle tunability in twisted bilayer graphene is crucial in promoting its applications of twistronics. Here an angle replication strategy is developed to obtain centimetre-scale bilayer graphene with arbitrary twist angles.
- Can Liu
- , Zehui Li
- & Kaihui Liu
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News & Views |
Ultrafast light-based logic with graphene
By exploiting subfemtosecond control of light pulses, researchers demonstrate an ultrafast logic gate based on the waveform-dependent photocurrent generated by real and virtual carriers in graphene.
- Klaas-Jan Tielrooij
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Article |
Graphene oxide bulk material reinforced by heterophase platelets with multiscale interface crosslinking
A nacre-inspired, centimetre-sized bulk material is prepared by assembling graphene oxide and microscale amorphous/crystalline heterophase reinforcing platelets adhered together with polymer-based crosslinkers, which shows high flexural strength and fracture toughness.
- Ke Chen
- , Xuke Tang
- & Lin Guo
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Letter |
Domino-like stacking order switching in twisted monolayer–multilayer graphene
The interface stacking order of twisted graphene can be actively flipped between locally stable states using a mechanical impulse, and this flipping propagates spontaneously through the network in a domino-like fashion.
- Shuai Zhang
- , Qiang Xu
- & Qunyang Li
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Article |
Wafer-scale single-crystal monolayer graphene grown on sapphire substrate
High-quality wafer-scale single-crystal monolayer graphene is achieved on sapphire substrate, by epitaxially growing graphene at the Cu(111)/sapphire interface and then detaching Cu film via immersion in liquid nitrogen and rapid heating.
- Junzhu Li
- , Mingguang Chen
- & Xixiang Zhang
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News & Views |
Sliding on the edge
Heterogeneous microscale contacts between molybdenum disulfide and graphene or hexagonal boron nitride layers demonstrate ultralow friction independent of their relative orientation with residual drag that originates from edge effects.
- Oded Hod
- & Michael Urbakh
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Article |
Strain fields in twisted bilayer graphene
Complete strain tensor fields of twisted bilayer graphene are quantitatively mapped, revealing two-regime reconstruction mechanics depending on twist angle.
- Nathanael P. Kazmierczak
- , Madeline Van Winkle
- & D. Kwabena Bediako
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Article |
Mid-infrared radiative emission from bright hot plasmons in graphene
The optical emission of graphene under pumping with femtosecond laser pulses contains a strong component linked to plasmon emission from the hot electrons in the system.
- Laura Kim
- , Seyoon Kim
- & Harry A. Atwater
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Article |
High-strength scalable graphene sheets by freezing stretch-induced alignment
Stretch-induced alignment of graphene sheets is frozen by sequential covalent and π–π bridging, leading to high in-plane isotropic strength of 1.55 GPa. The graphene sheets are fabricated at near room temperature and are scalable.
- Sijie Wan
- , Ying Chen
- & Qunfeng Cheng
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Article |
Creation of moiré bands in a monolayer semiconductor by spatially periodic dielectric screening
The moiré pattern that is formed between well-aligned graphene and hexagonal boron nitride can modify the properties of WSe2 (placed close by without intentional angle alignment), leading to the formation of a mini Brillouin zone and the folding of the bands in WSe2.
- Yang Xu
- , Connor Horn
- & Kin Fai Mak
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Review Article |
Graphene bilayers with a twist
Magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene plays host to many interesting phenomena, including superconductivity. This Review highlights key research results in the field, points toward important open questions, and comments on the place of magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene in the strongly correlated quantum matter world.
- Eva Y. Andrei
- & Allan H. MacDonald
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Article |
Preferential self-healing at grain boundaries in plasma-treated graphene
Hyperspectral Raman imaging is used to visualize defects in polycrystalline graphene under ion bombardment, showing zero-dimensional and one-dimensional defects in grains and at grain boundaries, respectively, and preferential self-healing at the grain boundaries.
- P. Vinchon
- , X. Glad
- & L. Stafford
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News & Views |
Moiré or not
Two studies investigate the behaviour of localized interlayer excitons in van der Waals heterostructures, offering insights into their dipolar interactions and the effect of moiré trapping potentials for the design of quantum optical applications based on 2D materials.
- Alexander Tartakovskii
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Comment |
Nanofluidics coming of age
This is a turning point for nanofluidics. Recent progress allows envisioning both fundamental discoveries for the transport of fluids at the ultimate scales, and disruptive technologies for the water–energy nexus.
- Lydéric Bocquet
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News & Views |
Bending with slip
Bending of few-layer graphene leads to interlayer slip, and slipping lowers the bending stiffness. Beyond a critical bending angle, the graphene layers bend like a stack of paper, with a state of superlubricity for interlayer slip.
- Rui Huang
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Article |
Fatigue of graphene
Mechanical fatigue occurs under cyclic stress much lower than the tensile strength, but this has not been investigated for 2D materials. Here, graphene is found to have a fatigue life of 109 cycles.
- Teng Cui
- , Sankha Mukherjee
- & Tobin Filleter
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Article |
Tunable room-temperature spin galvanic and spin Hall effects in van der Waals heterostructures
Enhanced spin-charge conversion in graphene is realized by proximity coupling to WS2 and electric-field tunability is demonstrated.
- L. Antonio Benítez
- , Williams Savero Torres
- & Sergio O. Valenzuela
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Article |
Ultrasoft slip-mediated bending in few-layer graphene
The bending stiffness of few-layer graphene is shown to decrease significantly with the bending angle due to shear and slip between the atomic layers, which culminate in superlubric behaviour as the bending angle further increases.
- Edmund Han
- , Jaehyung Yu
- & Arend M. van der Zande
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Comment |
Synthesis challenges for graphene industry
The past few years have witnessed significant development in graphene research, yet a number of challenges remain for its commercialization and industrialization. This Comment discusses relevant issues for industrial-scale graphene synthesis, one of the critical aspects for the future graphene industry.
- Li Lin
- , Hailin Peng
- & Zhongfan Liu
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Editorial |
Moving towards the market
2D materials face challenges along the road to commercialization, with increasing efforts being made in order to satisfy industrial needs.
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Comment |
Integrating graphene into semiconductor fabrication lines
Electronic and photonic devices based on graphene have unique properties, leading to outstanding performance figures of merit. Mastering the integration of this unconventional material into an established semiconductor fabrication line represents a critical step towards commercialization.
- Daniel Neumaier
- , Stephan Pindl
- & Max C. Lemme
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News & Views |
How slow can you go?
Use of graphene in a transistor configuration offers an alternative to metal electrodes for the recording of ultraslow neural potentials that occur in neurologic diseases.
- Jed A. Hartings
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Article |
High-resolution mapping of infraslow cortical brain activity enabled by graphene microtransistors
Arrays of graphene microtransistors are used to record infraslow cortical brain activity. The reduced signal drift and the array compatibility with optical imaging techniques make these devices useful for monitoring of brain physiology.
- Eduard Masvidal-Codina
- , Xavi Illa
- & Anton Guimerà-Brunet
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News & Views |
Electrically detecting infrared light
Researchers have developed a graphene plasmonics detector that is suitable for fast-response and high-resolution detection of infrared photons at room temperature.
- Zhe Fei
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Article |
Significant Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction at graphene–ferromagnet interfaces due to the Rashba effect
Authors investigate graphene/cobalt and graphene/nickel interfaces, and observe a non-zero Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction that they attribute to the Rashba effect; calculations suggest the effect can be enhanced in van der Waals heterostructures.
- Hongxin Yang
- , Gong Chen
- & Mairbek Chshiev
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Article |
Large local lattice expansion in graphene adlayers grown on copper
Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with nanometre spatial resolution and low-energy electron microscopy/diffraction reveal that interaction with the Cu substrate can induce up to 7.5% lattice expansion in graphene adlayers.
- Chaoyu Chen
- , José Avila
- & Maria C. Asensio
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News & Views |
Grown with the wind
Local controlled deposition of graphene on a moving polycrystalline substrate, in the presence of a fast-flowing buffer gas, allows the evolutionary selection of the fastest-growing crystallites, forming macroscopic graphene monocrystals.
- Daniele Passerone
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Letter |
Evolutionary selection growth of two-dimensional materials on polycrystalline substrates
Foot-long continuous single-crystal-like monolayer graphene films were fabricated on polycrystalline substrates by evolutionary selection growth, which resembles the Czochralski process in 2D geometry.
- Ivan V. Vlassiouk
- , Yijing Stehle
- & Sergei N. Smirnov
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Letter |
Ultrathin graphene-based membrane with precise molecular sieving and ultrafast solvent permeation
Highly laminar graphene oxide flakes (10 to 20 μm in diameter) are fabricated. Reducing flake thickness to 10 nm enables water and organic solvent permeation, enabling the flakes to act as a highly effective organic solvent membrane.
- Q. Yang
- , Y. Su
- & R. R. Nair
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Letter |
Thermoelectric detection and imaging of propagating graphene plasmons
A device is presented that can detect mid-infrared plasmons in graphene encapsulated by hexagonal boron nitride via the thermoelectric effect; the natural decay product of the plasmons (electronic heat) is converted into a measurable voltage signal.
- Mark B. Lundeberg
- , Yuanda Gao
- & Frank H. L. Koppens
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News & Views |
Two-dimensional gallium nitride
Graphene is used as a capping sheet to synthesize 2D gallium nitride by means of migration-enhanced encapsulation growth. This technique may allow the stabilization of 2D materials that are not amenable to synthesis by traditional methods.
- Nikhil A. Koratkar
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Letter |
The chiral anomaly and thermopower of Weyl fermions in the half-Heusler GdPtBi
The half-Heusler GdPtBi is reported to exhibit negative longitudinal magnetoresistance. This is attributed to the chiral anomaly due to the formation of Weyl nodes with an applied magnetic field. The anomaly is also found to suppress the thermopower.
- Max Hirschberger
- , Satya Kushwaha
- & N. P. Ong
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Feature |
Graphene commercialization
Graphene is extensively researched in China. Xiaoyue Xiao, Yichun Li and Zhaoping Liu illustrate how the China Innovation Alliance of the Graphene Industry aims to harness this for commercial opportunities.
- Xiaoyue Xiao
- , Yichun Li
- & Zhaoping Liu
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Letter |
Soliton-dependent plasmon reflection at bilayer graphene domain walls
2D surface plasmon polaritons are used to probe the domain-wall solitons in bilayer graphene; near-field infrared nanoscopy reveals various domain-wall structures in mechanically exfoliated graphene bilayers.
- Lili Jiang
- , Zhiwen Shi
- & Feng Wang
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Editorial |
Graphene steps into biomedicine
Biomedical applications for graphene are attracting interest from academics and industrial partners aiming to develop next-generation medical devices and therapies.
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Letter |
Strong interfacial exchange field in the graphene/EuS heterostructure
A magnetic exchange field confined within graphene and higher than 14 T, an enhancement of the spin generation, and a ferromagnetic ground state are found in the graphene/EuS heterostructure—a model of a 2D-material/magnetic-insulator system.
- Peng Wei
- , Sunwoo Lee
- & Ching-Tzu Chen
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News & Views |
Order and progress
Quantification of structural disorder and electron localization in superlattices of colloidal nanocrystals shows that minimizing variations in size and epitaxial connections is key to enhance the electronic properties of these materials.
- Christophe Delerue
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Letter |
The classical and quantum dynamics of molecular spins on graphene
The interaction between graphene and the spins of molecular magnets grown on it has been studied. The coupling between graphene phonons, spins and Dirac fermions modifies—and may be used for controlling—the quantum spin dynamics.
- Christian Cervetti
- , Angelo Rettori
- & Lapo Bogani
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News & Views |
On-the-spot growth
Large single-crystalline graphene monolayers have been synthesized on a Cu–Ni alloy using a local precursor feeding method with an enhanced growth rate. The fast production of wafer-scale single crystals brings graphene closer to real applications.
- Li Lin
- & Zhongfan Liu
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Letter |
Fast growth of inch-sized single-crystalline graphene from a controlled single nucleus on Cu–Ni alloys
A modified chemical vapour deposition set-up allowing extremely localized injection of carbon precursors on a Cu–Ni substrate is used for the fast growth of large-area single-crystalline monolayers of graphene.
- Tianru Wu
- , Xuefu Zhang
- & Mianheng Jiang
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