Featured
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Article
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Triboelectric micro-flexure-sensitive fiber electronics
Fiber electronics for monitoring micro-physiological activities are limited by their sensitivity at micro-flexure deformation. Here, Lin et al. report a micro-flexure-sensitive fiber with nanofiber buckling and ion conduction mechanism. Wearable biomechanical feedback system is demonstrated using the woven textile.
- Shaomei Lin
- , Weifeng Yang
- & Hongzhi Wang
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Article
| Open Access
Subwavelength dielectric waveguide for efficient travelling-wave magnetic resonance imaging
Achieving uniform spin excitation, crucial for MRI, is challenging in the electrically large human body at UHF. Here, authors introduce an innovative dielectric waveguide specifically designed for traveling-wave MRI, which enhances homogeneity and efficiency through effective wave manipulation.
- Yang Gao
- , Tong Liu
- & Xiaotong Zhang
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Article
| Open Access
Electrothermally controlled origami fabricated by 4D printing of continuous fiber-reinforced composites
Effective active origami capable of on-demand modulation are limited by challenges such as limited load-bearing capacity and transformable states. Here, authors report fiber-reinforced composites for controlled electrothermal origami with excellent mechanical performance and spatiotemporal controllability.
- Yaohui Wang
- , Haitao Ye
- & Yi Xiong
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Article
| Open Access
Graphene-integrated mesh electronics with converged multifunctionality for tracking multimodal excitation-contraction dynamics in cardiac microtissues
Tracking electrical and mechanical activity in in-vitro cardiac microtissues is challenging. Here, authors develop tissue-like electronics that can ‘grow’ with the cardiac microtissues and realize the simultaneous tracking of both signals.
- Hongyan Gao
- , Zhien Wang
- & Jun Yao
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Article
| Open Access
Ultra-fast switching memristors based on two-dimensional materials
In this work, the authors demonstrate a 2D memristor with high switching speeds of 120 ps and study its dynamic response with 3 ns short voltage pulses using statistical analysis, simulation, and modeling.
- S. S. Teja Nibhanupudi
- , Anupam Roy
- & Sanjay K. Banerjee
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Article
| Open Access
Supra-biological performance of immobilized enzymes enabled by chaperone-like specific non-covalent interactions
Designing complex synthetic materials for enzyme immobilization could unlock the utility of biocatalysis in extreme environments. Here, the authors report on random copolymer brushes as dynamic immobilization supports that enable supra-biological catalytic performance of immobilized enzymes.
- Héctor Sánchez-Morán
- , Joel L. Kaar
- & Daniel K. Schwartz
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Article
| Open Access
Double charge flips of polyamide membrane by ionic liquid-decoupled bulk and interfacial diffusion for on-demand nanofiltration
Currently polyamide membranes fabricated by interfacial polymerization are limited by inherently negative charge as well as narrow charge tailoring window restricting the application of these membranes. Here, the authors report a facile ionic liquid-decoupled bulk/interfacial diffusion strategy to fabricate polyamide membranes which can transform on-demand from inherently negative to highly positive and near-neutral charge.
- Bian-Bian Guo
- , Chang Liu
- & Zhi-Kang Xu
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Article
| Open Access
Speaking without vocal folds using a machine-learning-assisted wearable sensing-actuation system
Addressing challenges in voice disorders, the authors present a self-powered, wearable sensor-actuator system based on magnetoelasticity. This innovation enables assisted speaking by capturing laryngeal movements and translating them into voice signals, bypassing the vocal folds.
- Ziyuan Che
- , Xiao Wan
- & Jun Chen
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Article
| Open Access
Strategies for robust renovation of residential buildings in Switzerland
Building renovation is an urgent requirement to reduce the environmental impact associated with the building stock. In this paper, authors identify strategies for robust renovation considering uncertainties on the future and provide recommendations for the residential buildings in Switzerland.
- Alina Galimshina
- , Maliki Moustapha
- & Guillaume Habert
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Article
| Open Access
The first demonstration of entirely roll-to-roll fabricated perovskite solar cell modules under ambient room conditions
The translation of perovskite solar cells to large-area devices fabricated by industry-relevant manufacturing methods remains a critical challenge. Here, authors report solar modules with serially-interconnected cells produced entirely by industrial roll-to-roll printing under ambient conditions.
- Hasitha C. Weerasinghe
- , Nasiruddin Macadam
- & Doojin Vak
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Article
| Open Access
Spatially selective delivery of living magnetic microrobots through torque-focusing
The delivery of therapeutic payloads and living vectors to tumors remains a clinical challenge. Here the authors explore a spatially targeted control strategy applying torque density to magnetotactic bacteria, demonstrating feasibility in vitro and in vivo.
- Nima Mirkhani
- , Michael G. Christiansen
- & Simone Schuerle
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Article
| Open Access
Effect of inorganic material surface chemistry on structures and fracture behaviours of epoxy resin
The mechanisms of adhesion between polymers and inorganic materials are not fully understood. Here, authors demonstrate the clear evidence that the surface chemistry impacts the crosslinked structures of resins near the interfaces, resulting in different fracture behaviours and adhesive strengths.
- Tomohiro Miyata
- , Yohei K. Sato
- & Hiroshi Jinnai
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Article
| Open Access
Lunar rock investigation and tri-aspect characterization of lunar farside regolith by a digital twin
Digital twins can be used to support planetary operations and analysis. Here, the authors show tri-aspect characterization of lunar far side regolith and investigate the origin of a fin-shaped rock via digital twin of Yutu-2 rover.
- Liang Ding
- , Ruyi Zhou
- & Kuan Zhang
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Article
| Open Access
The influence of anthropogenic regulation and evaporite dissolution on earthquake-triggered ground failure
Combined evidence from remote sensing, geologic, and geotechnical data reveal a previously undescribed mechanism driving earthquake-triggered surface ejecta: dissolution cavity collapse.
- Paula Bürgi
- , Eric M. Thompson
- & Devin Katzenstein
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Article
| Open Access
Ammonia marine engine design for enhanced efficiency and reduced greenhouse gas emissions
Pilot-diesel-ignition ammonia combustion engines effective adoption is still limited by high unburned emissions and low thermal efficiency. Here, authors propose an in-cylinder reforming gas recirculation concept to improve engine thermal efficiency while reducing unburned NH3, NOx, N2O and GHG emissions.
- Xinyi Zhou
- , Tie Li
- & Wenming Yang
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Article
| Open Access
Tri-system integration in metal-oxide nanocomposites via in-situ solution-processed method for ultrathin flexible transparent electrodes
Fabricating flexible transparent electrodes with robust operational stability alongside electrical and mechanical properties is challenging. Here, Kim et al. develop ultrathin flexible transparent electrodes using in-situ solution-processing and unveil interface dynamics of the integrated tri-system.
- John Jinwook Kim
- , Kojima Shuji
- & Wallace C. H. Choy
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Article
| Open Access
3D-integrated multilayered physical reservoir array for learning and forecasting time-series information
A wide reservoir computing system is an advanced architecture. However, its hardware implementation remains elusive due to the lack of 3D architecture framework. Choi et al. demonstrate such hardware made of a multilayered 3D stacked memristive crossbar array for efficient learning and forecasting.
- Sanghyeon Choi
- , Jaeho Shin
- & Gunuk Wang
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Article
| Open Access
Self-assembly of Co/Pt stripes with current-induced domain wall motion towards 3D racetrack devices
The authors report an alternative approach to build 3D magnetic memories by rolling Co/Pt stripes on flexible polymers in compact geometry, and simultaneously offering current-induced domain wall motion and strain-induced domain wall speed control.
- Pavel Fedorov
- , Ivan Soldatov
- & Daniil Karnaushenko
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Article
| Open Access
Copper nanoparticles encapsulated in zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 as a stable and selective CO2 hydrogenation catalyst
Here, authors report an inter-site structural heterogeneity induced effect of hierarchical single atom Fe catalysts for robust oxygen reduction. Dynamic evolutions and insights into structure-activity relationship are presented.
- Vijay K. Velisoju
- , Jose L. Cerrillo
- & Pedro Castaño
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Article
| Open Access
Fully bioresorbable hybrid opto-electronic neural implant system for simultaneous electrophysiological recording and optogenetic stimulation
Bioresorbable neural implants offer a promising solution to the challenges of secondary surgeries required for the removal of implanted devices. Here, the authors introduce a fully bioresorbable flexible hybrid opto-electronic system for simultaneous electrophysiological recording and optogenetic stimulation.
- Myeongki Cho
- , Jeong-Kyu Han
- & Ki Jun Yu
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Article
| Open Access
Wood-inspired metamaterial catalyst for robust and high-throughput water purification
Continuous industrialization and human activities have led to severe water quality deterioration. Here, a structure-function integrated system is developed by Douglas fir wood inspired metamaterial catalysts with robust and high throughput water purification performances.
- Lei Zhang
- , Hanwen Liu
- & Jian Lu
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Article
| Open Access
Janus microparticles-based targeted and spatially-controlled piezoelectric neural stimulation via low-intensity focused ultrasound
Wireless and localized stimulation of neural cells remains challenging. Here, the authors propose piezoelectric magnetic Janus microparticles that can target and stimulate neurons under low-intensity ultrasound through voltage-gated ion channels.
- Mertcan Han
- , Erdost Yildiz
- & Metin Sitti
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Review Article
| Open Access
Hardware implementation of memristor-based artificial neural networks
Memristors hold promise for massively-parallel computing at low power. Aguirre et al. provide a comprehensive protocol of the materials and methods for designing memristive artificial neural networks with the detailed working principles of each building block and the tools for performance evaluation.
- Fernando Aguirre
- , Abu Sebastian
- & Mario Lanza
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Article
| Open Access
Long-term monitoring of ultratrace nucleic acids using tetrahedral nanostructure-based NgAgo on wearable microneedles
Monitoring of biomarkers with wearable devices holds potential for personal health management. Here the authors demonstrate a wearable device based on tetrahedral DNA nanostructures and prokaryotic argonaute to monitor real-time sepsis-associated nucleic acid
- Bin Yang
- , Haonan Wang
- & Xueen Fang
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Article
| Open Access
Cross-layer transmission realized by light-emitting memristor for constructing ultra-deep neural network with transfer learning ability
Parallel information transmission components and hardware strategies are still lacking in neural networks. Here, the authors propose a strategy to use light emitting memristors with negative ultraviolet photoconductivity and intrinsic parallelism to construct direct information cross-layer modules.
- Zhenjia Chen
- , Zhenyuan Lin
- & Huipeng Chen
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Article
| Open Access
Magnetically driven capsules with multimodal response and multifunctionality for biomedical applications
Untethered capsules exhibit clinical promise for diagnosing and treating gastrointestinal diseases. Here, the authors develop small-scale magnetically driven capsules featuring a distinct magnetic soft valve, integrating multiple functional and motion modalities for biomedical applications.
- Yuxuan Sun
- , Wang Zhang
- & Liang Li
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Article
| Open Access
High-throughput barcoding of nanoparticles identifies cationic, degradable lipid-like materials for mRNA delivery to the lungs in female preclinical models
Identifying pulmonary delivery of lipid libraries poses an obstacle for mRNA drugs. Here, the authors use a barcoded screening system to identify lung-targeting of cationic, degradable lipid-like materials for mRNA delivery and gene editing in female preclinical models.
- Lulu Xue
- , Alex G. Hamilton
- & Michael J. Mitchell
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Perspective
| Open Access
Cellular reprogramming as a tool to model human aging in a dish
The development of human cellular models of aging that surpass the limitations of animal models of aging is urgent. Here, the authors explore the opportunities and limitations of cellular reprogramming to create reliable aging in vitro models and their potential for the discovery of anti-aging compounds.
- Patricia R. Pitrez
- , Luis M. Monteiro
- & Lino Ferreira
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Article
| Open Access
Understanding activity-stability tradeoffs in biocatalysts by enzyme proximity sequencing
Understanding the complex relationships between enzyme sequence, folding stability and catalytic activity is essential for applications, but current technologies cannot simultaneously resolve both stability and activity phenotypes and couple these to gene sequences at large scale. Here, the authors report Enzyme Proximity Sequencing (EP-Seq), a deep mutational scanning method to assay both expression level and catalytic activity of thousands of oxidoreductase variants from a cellular pool in a single experiment.
- Rosario Vanella
- , Christoph Küng
- & Michael A. Nash
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Article
| Open Access
Learning the intrinsic dynamics of spatio-temporal processes through Latent Dynamics Networks
Predicting the evolution of dynamical systems remains challenging, requiring high computational effort or effective reduction of the system into a low-dimensional space. Here, the authors present a data-driven approach for predicting the evolution of systems exhibiting spatiotemporal dynamics in response to external input signals.
- Francesco Regazzoni
- , Stefano Pagani
- & Alfio Quarteroni
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Article
| Open Access
Automatic data-driven design and 3D printing of custom ocular prostheses
Manual processes to produce ocular prostheses are time-consuming and yield varying quality. Here, authors present an automatic digital end-to-end process for custom ocular prostheses. It creates shape and appearance from image data of an OCT device and produces them using a full-colour 3D printer.
- Johann Reinhard
- , Philipp Urban
- & Mandeep S. Sagoo
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Article
| Open Access
In-vivo integration of soft neural probes through high-resolution printing of liquid electronics on the cranium
Neural systems are often bulky and heavy. Here, the authors produce a conformable neural interface for mice using liquid metals directly printed on the skull that can monitor neural activities with long-term stability.
- Young-Geun Park
- , Yong Won Kwon
- & Jang-Ung Park
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Article
| Open Access
Multi-night cortico-basal recordings reveal mechanisms of NREM slow-wave suppression and spontaneous awakenings in Parkinson’s disease
Using at-home intracranial DBS recordings in PD participants, the authors found subcortical beta has an inverse effect on cortical slow-wave in NREM sleep, rises before awakenings and found >88% accuracy in NREM vs Wake classification in brief 5 s epochs.
- Md Fahim Anjum
- , Clay Smyth
- & Simon Little
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Perspective
| Open Access
Shaping high-performance wearable robots for human motor and sensory reconstruction and enhancement
Wearable devices and exoskeletons can restore and augment the user’s capability but are not necessarily perceived them as part of their bodies. In this perspective, the authors reflect on the importance of integrating environmental, physiological, and physical information to improve the embodiment of wearable robots.
- Haisheng Xia
- , Yuchong Zhang
- & Zhijun Li
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Article
| Open Access
A wireless battery-free eye modulation patch for high myopia therapy
The proper axial length of the eye is crucial for achieving emmetropia. Here, authors introduce a wireless battery-free eye modulation patch designed to correct high myopia and prevent relapse.
- Tianyan Zhong
- , Hangjin Yi
- & Xinyu Xue
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Article
| Open Access
Moiré effect enables versatile design of topological defects in nematic liquid crystals
Precise manipulation and utilization of the topological structures in liquid crystals remain challenging tasks. Wang et al. use the moiré effect combined with surface patterning to create highly tunable, arbitrary topological defects.
- Xinyu Wang
- , Jinghua Jiang
- & Rui Zhang
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Article
| Open Access
Femtosecond electron beam probe of ultrafast electronics
Modern electronic devices are too fast and too small to be measured by conventional electronic means. Here the authors combine electron microscopy with femtosecond laser technology and measure the functionality of terahertz electronics in space and time.
- Maximilian Mattes
- , Mikhail Volkov
- & Peter Baum
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Article
| Open Access
In situ combinatorial synthesis of degradable branched lipidoids for systemic delivery of mRNA therapeutics and gene editors
Branched ionizable lipids have aroused great interest for mRNA delivery. Here, the authors devise an in situ construction method for combinatorial synthesis of degradable branched ionizable lipids and summarize key design criteria to enable potent delivery of mRNA therapeutics and gene editors.
- Xuexiang Han
- , Junchao Xu
- & Michael J. Mitchell
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Article
| Open Access
High-strength and crack-free welding of 2024 aluminium alloy via Zr-core-Al-shell wire
Solidification cracking during fusion welding of high-strength aluminum alloys has been a long-standing issue. Here, the authors achieve reliable and crack-free welding of 2024 aluminum alloy using a Zr-core-Al-shell wire and the oscillating laser-arc hybrid welding technique.
- Jun Jin
- , Shaoning Geng
- & Xiangqi Wang
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Article
| Open Access
Pore evolution mechanisms during directed energy deposition additive manufacturing
Porosity is a key issue in additive manufacturing (AM). Here, the authors reveal the bubble evolution mechanisms including formation, coalescence, pushing, growth, entrainment, escape, and entrapment during directed energy deposition AM using in situ X-ray imaging and multiphysics modelling.
- Kai Zhang
- , Yunhui Chen
- & Peter D. Lee
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Article
| Open Access
Creation of a point-of-care therapeutics sensor using protein engineering, electrochemical sensing and electronic integration
Low-cost point-of-care sensors are vital for precision medicine. Here, the authors have repurposed a glucometer for breast cancer therapeutic detection capable of sensing tamoxifen in human blood, utilizing blood glucose to power and amplify the therapeutic signals
- Rong Cai
- , Chiagoziem Ngwadom
- & Caroline M. Ajo-Franklin
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Article
| Open Access
High-order sensory processing nanocircuit based on coupled VO2 oscillators
It is challenging to create efficient and compact neuromorphic sensory system based on nano-scale nonlinear dynamics. Yang et al. present a capacitance-coupled VO2 oscillatory network, which serves as a continuous-time dynamic system for sensory pre-processing, enabling tasks such as touch and gesture recognition.
- Ke Yang
- , Yanghao Wang
- & Yuchao Yang
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Article
| Open Access
Virtual histological staining of unlabeled autopsy tissue
Conventional staining of post-mortem samples can be affected by several factors, including tissue autolysis. Here, the authors demonstrate a virtual staining tool using a trained neural network to turn autofluorescence images of label-free autopsy tissue into brightfield equivalent images.
- Yuzhu Li
- , Nir Pillar
- & Aydogan Ozcan
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Article
| Open Access
Computational design of ultra-robust strain sensors for soft robot perception and autonomy
Due to the deformable nature of soft robots, developing robust sensors that can sustain stability and performance is a challenge. Here, the authors report a computational strain sensor design based on a programmed crack array for predictable, tunable, and stable sensing performance.
- Haitao Yang
- , Shuo Ding
- & Ghim Wei Ho
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Article
| Open Access
Vision-driven metasurfaces for perception enhancement
Authors showcase a framework for visual perception enhancement system based on vision-driven metasurfaces. It can help humans obtain information in multiple frequency bands and allows the metasurface platform with more interesting functions.
- Tianshuo Qiu
- , Qiang An
- & Shaobo Qu
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Article
| Open Access
Ultrathin, ultralight dual-scale fibrous networks with high-infrared transmittance for high-performance, comfortable and sustainable PM0.3 filter
Development of high-performance, comfortable and sustainable air filters is challenging. Here, authors design an ultrathin, ultralight dual scale fiber mat composed of true nanofibers and submicron-fibers to integrate the high protection, thermal wet comfort and save raw materials.
- Yuchen Yang
- , Xiangshun Li
- & Yuekun Lai
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Article
| Open Access
Elastic properties and tensile strength of 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene monolayers
The Young’s modulus of the MXene Ti3C2Tx, theoretically predicted to be 0.502 TPa, has not yet been experimentally confirmed. This work supplants previous reports using nanoindentation with the correctly measured Young’s modulus of 0.484 ± 0.013 TPa.
- Chao Rong
- , Ting Su
- & Fu-Zhen Xuan
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Article
| Open Access
A hybrid transistor with transcriptionally controlled computation and plasticity
Interfacing living systems with electronics for biosensing and biocomputing applications is challenging. Here, Gao et al. present hybrid transistors with electroactive bacteria capable of extracellular electron transfer, enabling transduction of biological computations to electrical readouts.
- Yang Gao
- , Yuchen Zhou
- & Benjamin K. Keitz
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Article
| Open Access
Large language models streamline automated machine learning for clinical studies
A knowledge gap persists between machine learning developers and clinicians. Here, the authors show that the Advanced Data Analysis extension of ChatGPT could bridge this gap and simplify complex data analyses, making them more accessible to clinicians.
- Soroosh Tayebi Arasteh
- , Tianyu Han
- & Sven Nebelung
Large-scale modular and uniformly thick origami-inspired adaptable and load-carrying structures