Cover image supplied by Dr Gianluca Vadalà and Prof. Vincenzo Denaro from the Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Italy.

This fluorescence micrograph shows a monolayer co-culture of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) and annulus fibrosus cells (AFCs) from a human intervertebral disc. Live cells were imaged under a fluorescencemicroscope. MSCs and AFCs were labelled by transduction with adenoviral vectors encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein and enhanced red fluorescent protein. This double-labelling cell system was used to study the interactions between cells as part of a project to investigate the potential role of MSCs for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.

Cover image supplied by Dr Gianluca Vadalà and Prof. Vincenzo Denaro from the Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Italy.

This fluorescence micrograph shows a monolayer co-culture of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) and annulus fibrosus cells (AFCs) from a human intervertebral disc. Live cells were imaged under a fluorescencemicroscope. MSCs and AFCs were labelled by transduction with adenoviral vectors encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein and enhanced red fluorescent protein. This double-labelling cell system was used to study the interactions between cells as part of a project to investigate the potential role of MSCs for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.

Cover image supplied by Dr Gianluca Vadalà and Prof. Vincenzo Denaro from the Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Italy.

This fluorescence micrograph shows a monolayer co-culture of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) and annulus fibrosus cells (AFCs) from a human intervertebral disc. Live cells were imaged under a fluorescencemicroscope. MSCs and AFCs were labelled by transduction with adenoviral vectors encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein and enhanced red fluorescent protein. This double-labelling cell system was used to study the interactions between cells as part of a project to investigate the potential role of MSCs for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.

Cover image supplied by Dr Gianluca Vadalà and Prof. Vincenzo Denaro from the Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Italy.

This fluorescence micrograph shows a monolayer co-culture of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) and annulus fibrosus cells (AFCs) from a human intervertebral disc. Live cells were imaged under a fluorescencemicroscope. MSCs and AFCs were labelled by transduction with adenoviral vectors encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein and enhanced red fluorescent protein. This double-labelling cell system was used to study the interactions between cells as part of a project to investigate the potential role of MSCs for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.

Cover image supplied by Dr Gianluca Vadalà and Prof. Vincenzo Denaro from the Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Italy.

This fluorescence micrograph shows a monolayer co-culture of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) and annulus fibrosus cells (AFCs) from a human intervertebral disc. Live cells were imaged under a fluorescencemicroscope. MSCs and AFCs were labelled by transduction with adenoviral vectors encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein and enhanced red fluorescent protein. This double-labelling cell system was used to study the interactions between cells as part of a project to investigate the potential role of MSCs for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.

Cover image supplied by Dr Gianluca Vadalà and Prof. Vincenzo Denaro from the Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Italy. This fluorescence micrograph shows a monolayer co-culture of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) and annulus fibrosus cells (AFCs) from a human intervertebral disc. Live MSCs and AFCs were labelled by transduction with adenoviral vectors encoding enhanced red and green fluorescent proteins. This double-labelling cell system was used to study the interactions between cells as part of a project to investigate the potential role of MSCs for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.

Cover image supplied by Dr Gianluca Vadalà and Prof. Vincenzo Denaro from the Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Italy. This fluorescence micrograph shows a monolayer co-culture of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) and annulus fibrosus cells (AFCs) from a human intervertebral disc. Live MSCs and AFCs were labelled by transduction with adenoviral vectors encoding enhanced red and green fluorescent proteins. This double-labelling cell system was used to study the interactions between cells as part of a project to investigate the potential role of MSCs for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.

Cover image supplied by Dr Gianluca Vadalà and Prof. Vincenzo Denaro from the Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Italy. This fluorescence micrograph shows a monolayer co-culture of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) and annulus fibrosus cells (AFCs) from a human intervertebral disc. Live MSCs and AFCs were labelled by transduction with adenoviral vectors encoding enhanced red and green fluorescent proteins. This double-labelling cell system was used to study the interactions between cells as part of a project to investigate the potential role of MSCs for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.

Cover image supplied by Dr Gianluca Vadalà and Prof. Vincenzo Denaro from the Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Italy. This fluorescence micrograph shows a monolayer co-culture of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) and annulus fibrosus cells (AFCs) from a human intervertebral disc. Live MSCs and AFCs were labelled by transduction with adenoviral vectors encoding enhanced red and green fluorescent proteins. This double-labelling cell system was used to study the interactions between cells as part of a project to investigate the potential role of MSCs for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.

Cover image supplied by Dr Gianluca Vadalà and Prof. Vincenzo Denaro from the Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Italy. This fluorescence micrograph shows a monolayer co-culture of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) and annulus fibrosus cells (AFCs) from a human intervertebral disc. Live MSCs and AFCs were labelled by transduction with adenoviral vectors encoding enhanced red and green fluorescent proteins. This double-labelling cell system was used to study the interactions between cells as part of a project to investigate the potential role of MSCs for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.

Cover image supplied by Dr Gianluca Vadalà and Prof. Vincenzo Denaro from the Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Italy. This fluorescence micrograph shows a monolayer co-culture of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) and annulus fibrosus cells (AFCs) from a human intervertebral disc. Live MSCs and AFCs were labelled by transduction with adenoviral vectors encoding enhanced red and green fluorescent proteins. This double-labelling cell system was used to study the interactions between cells as part of a project to investigate the potential role of MSCs for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.

Cover image supplied by Dr Gianluca Vadalà and Prof. Vincenzo Denaro from the Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Italy. This fluorescence micrograph shows a monolayer co-culture of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) and annulus fibrosus cells (AFCs) from a human intervertebral disc. Live MSCs and AFCs were labelled by transduction with adenoviral vectors encoding enhanced red and green fluorescent proteins. This double-labelling cell system was used to study the interactions between cells as part of a project to investigate the potential role of MSCs for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.