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The clinical importance of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis has gained increasing recognition over recent years, but its management generally remains suboptimal. The currently recommended pharmacologic therapies and the development of clinical guidelines for the management of patients with this condition are discussed in this article.
Mounting evidence indicates a role for interferons in the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmunity. This Review focuses on the role of the type I interferon pathway in the development of systemic autoimmune diseases, describing the mechanisms by which these cytokines are produced and how they exert their effects in both the normal antiviral immune response and in autoimmune disease.
A reduction in mechanical loading of the skeleton resulting from aging or a sedentary lifestyle can confer an increased risk of fracture through reductions in bone quantity and quality. Not only are mechanical signals crucial in defining and maintaining bone mass, but they also have the potential—in a high-frequency, low-intensity form—to be used in the treatment of osteoporosis.
The epidemiology and clinical profile of gout have changed considerably over the past two decades. In this context, advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia and gouty inflammation, and developments in therapeutic options for patients with gout are discussed in this Review.
