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Neurofilaments have been validated as specific body fluid biomarkers of neuro-axonal injury. In this Review, Khalil and colleagues provide an update on the structure and function of neurofilaments, analytical approaches and challenges in different clinical contexts, and progress towards clinical application of neurofilaments as a biomarker in various neurological disorders.
Various neurostimulation techniques are being explored for the treatment of physical impairments in people with stroke. This Review summarizes our current knowledge of the techniques that are now in clinical use or have reached the stage of pivotal trials alongside emerging techniques and highlights the need for further studies.
Post-traumatic epilepsy is a major driver of disability associated with traumatic brain injury. This article reviews the epidemiology and clinical features of post-traumatic epilepsy and discusses how an understanding of the underlying epileptogenic mechanisms might inform the development of anti-epileptogenic medications.
In this Review, the authors discuss the unique neurological health disparities faced by sexual and gender minority (LGBT+) people. The Review presents clinical considerations alongside language and practice recommendations to promote inclusive care, and highlights the gaps in need of further research.
Recent clinical trials have highlighted the need for Alzheimer disease (AD) staging rather than simply noting the presence or absence of AD pathology. This article reviews current biomarker-based AD staging systems and outlines hypothetical frameworks to stage AD severity using fluid biomarkers.
In this Review, Hamilton dissects the importance of racial and ethnic diversity among the neurology workforce for providing inclusive and equitable care to diverse populations. The Review summarizes current barriers to achieving diversity in the field and presents strategic approaches to overcoming these.
Growing evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship between Alzheimer disease and epilepsy. This Review summarizes the epidemiological evidence and explores the potential mechanisms that underlie the effects of epileptiform activity on cognition in people with Alzheimer disease.
This Review reviews changes introduced into the US brain death/death by neurological criteria (BD/DNC) guidelines in 2023 and compares these guidelines with those formulated elsewhere in the world. The authors highlight controversies and legal challenges in BD/DNC determination and discuss future research priorities.
Though the burden of stroke has declined, it has grown rapidly in low-income and middle-income countries, and disparities still exist within high-income countries. In this Review, the authors highlight under-acknowledged disparities in the burden of stroke and review strategies for addressing key inequalities.
Parkinson disease psychosis comprises a spectrum of illusions, hallucinations and delusions that emerge during the disease course. This Review considers clinical, neuroimaging and neurochemical evidence that might aid early identification of psychotic phenomena in people with Parkinson disease and inform new therapeutic strategies.
Autonomic nervous system dysregulation contributes to the chronic, debilitating disorders referred to as ‘long COVID’ or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). Here, Goldstein describes a multisystem, multidisciplinary approach to understanding PASC-induced alterations in feedback-regulated, plastic networks that determine homeostasis and allostasis.
Increasing evidence suggests that inflammasome activation contributes to disease progression in a wide variety of neurological conditions. In this Review, Ravichandran and Heneka discuss current understanding of inflammasome activation in neurological disorders and consider interventional strategies that target inflammasome activation.
This Review provides a comprehensive summary of the growing number of molecular therapies for the treatment of myasthenia gravis, including monoclonal antibodies, B cell-depleting agents and chimeric antigen receptor T cell-based therapies.
