News & Comment

David Schneider explains the concept of disease tolerance and describes the first observations of this phenomenon in animal models.

Eicke Latz recalls the discovery of the inflammasome in 2002 and how it revolutionized our understanding of inflammation and is now a target of new immunotherapeutics for inflammatory disease.

Shohei Hori recalls the early work that led to the identification of FOXP3 as the master regulator of regulatory T cells.

Mihai Netea tells us how the dichotomy of innate and adaptive immunity was blurred with the description of trained immunity in 2012 — a process by which innate immune cells and their progenitors store memory of past infections by epigenetic reprogramming.

Martin Guilliams and Charlotte Scott summarize some of the key studies that led to a refined dendritic cell nomenclature system based on ontogeny.

Gwendalyn Randolph reminds us of how our view of macrophage origin and identity has drastically changed over the past 15 years.

As we celebrate 20 years since the launch of Nature Reviews Immunology, we reflect on how far the field of immunology has advanced over the past two decades.

Beth Stevens and Matthew Johnson discuss the unexpected finding that classical complement components guide synaptic pruning in the brain and are necessary for healthy brain function.

A new study explores the links between diet and colorectal cancer risk by showing that changes to the intestinal microbiome in mice fed a high-fat diet result in attenuated MHC class II expression by intestinal stem cells and hence impaired immune surveillance of tumour initiation.

Muhammad Suleman Rana and colleagues from the National Institute of Health in Pakistan discuss the urgent need to implement catch-up vaccination programmes for measles and polio to prevent resurgence of these deadly diseases.

This Comment article proposes that T cell-oriented vaccine strategies should be considered to control the COVID-19 pandemic in the longer term, given declining levels of neutralizing antibodies with time after vaccination or infection and the emergence of viral escape variants.

A new study describes the extensive transcriptional remodelling that occurs in neutrophils during inflammation, detailing the transcription factors that control neutrophil maturation and effector functions.

The type 2 cytokine TSLP acts on T cells to promote sebum secretion and uses up lipids in this process, leading to loss of white adipose tissue.

Intestinal IgA responses to commensal fungi are mutualistic, selecting for fungi that are less pathogenic and more fit.

It took roughly 1 year for a COVID-19 vaccine to become available, yet, four decades after the first patient with HIV was described, we do not yet have a vaccine for HIV. Here, Barton Haynes examines the biological reasons why vaccine development for HIV is so exceptionally challenging.

A recent preprint describes a role for sensing of extracellular ATP through P2RX7 in the formation of memory T cells.

Endogenous retroviruses act as inner adjuvants to prime T cell responses against skin commensals.