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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have an important role in the initiation of innate immunity following infection with protozoans. Here the activation of TLRs by protozoan components is described and TLR-based strategies to prevent or treat disease are discussed.
Antigen-specific T-cell responses are often characterized by the preferred use of certain T-cell receptors (TCRs). This Review describes when and how this might occur, with particular focus on the structural constraints that determine binding of a TCR to its ligand.
There has been an enormous increase in the prevalence of asthma and allergy in the Western world over the past four decades. Marked changes in our diet might be a contributing factor, so could dietary intervention in pregnant women be a preventive measure?
HIV has evolved ways to exploit dendritic cells to facilitate spread of the virus through the body. Dendritic cells can mediate the transfer of HIV to target CD4+T cells through several distinct mechanisms, as discussed in this Review.
Toll-like receptors are well known as sensors of microorganisms, but they can also sense endogenous molecules. This article describes when this might occur and how it might activate autoreactive B cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells in systemic autoimmune disease.
Type I and type II interferons have overlapping and distinct functions in the host immune response to cancer. In this article, recent data that link interferons to the process of cancer immunoediting are reviewed, and possible therapeutic applications are considered.