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A once-daily, modified-release hydrocortisone medication reduces BMI and improves glucose metabolism compared with the twice- or thrice-daily standard hydrocortisone treatment in patients with adrenal insufficiency. Now, further evidence emerges that changing to a once-daily, modified-release hydrocortisone medication improves the immune cell profile and results in fewer infections.
Animal models are necessary for the discovery, validation and optimization of novel therapeutics. Here, Matthias Tschöp and colleagues consolidate the key information on the currently available animal models of obesity and diabetes mellitus and highlight the advantages, limitations and important caveats of each of these models.
The role of group B coxsackieviruses (CVB) in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) remains controversial. A recent report by Stone et al. showed that a CVB1-based vaccine can protect against both CVB1 infection and CVB1-induced T1DM in mouse models. This tool could help to elucidate the relationship between CVB and T1DM.
Dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) has evolved novel features that are central to skin physiology. Here, Christian Guerrero-Juarez and Maksim Plikus discuss the close connectivity between dWAT and cycling hair follicles and how, by responding to multiple hair-derived signals, dWAT periodically cycles itself.
The risk of death from cardiovascular causes in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus remains around twice that in the general population, with heart failure a common event. In 2017, results from cardiovascular outcome trials in people with diabetes mellitus showed that some drugs have dual utility — reducing cardiovascular risk and improving glycaemic control.
The interactions of adipocytes with tumour cells have been extensively scrutinized. The adipocyte's mitogenic influence on tumour cells is attributed to several hormonal, growth factor and adipokine effects. A recent study has expanded our understanding of how adipocytes promote tumour progression by demonstrating that adipocytes actively catabolize the chemotherapeutic agent daunorubicin.
