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An emerging feature of COVID-19 is a clinically relevant osteo-metabolic phenotype characterized by widespread acute hypocalcaemia and chronic hypovitaminosis D with high prevalence of vertebral fractures. This phenotype might have negative effects on disease severity and its components could represent possible targets for prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection and poor COVID-19 outcomes.
Cardiometabolic conditions, including type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, are associated with severe COVID-19 and long COVID. Interventions to target multiple risk factors, combined with use of novel glucose-lowering agents that improve metabolic function and the key processes that are impaired in COVID-19, should be the preferred therapeutic options for management of people with long COVID.