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Here, Patrice Cani and colleagues discuss interactions between gut microorganisms, the endocannabinoid system and host metabolism, in the context of both physiology and pathophysiology. The authors highlight the importance of gut barrier function by discussing the role of specific factors involved in intestinal permeability and their role in the gut microbiota–endocannabinoid system axis. The therapeutic potential of targeting the endocannabinoid system to treat cardiometabolic disorders and intestinal inflammation is also discussed.
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and its prevalence is increasing. This Review discusses the latest research in diabetic cardiomyopathy, summarizes current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning this condition and explores potential preventive and therapeutic strategies.
Studies published in 2015 have continued to unravel the genomic landscape of thyroid cancer, particularly of its less common forms (such as medullary and anaplastic carcinomas) and of familial forms of thyroid cancer. As a result, new diagnostic and therapeutic markers have been identified and validated for clinical use.
This Review outlines the molecular basis of nongenomic mechanisms of thyroid hormone action. Davis and colleagues also discuss the possible physiological or pathophysiological consequences of these actions, as well as the interactions between nongenomic and genomic effects of thyroid hormone.
Statins are widely used to prevent cardiovascular disease, but have been associated with an increased risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus. This Review discusses the evidence for this association, as well as what is known about the potential mechanisms underpinning this effect. The implications for clinical management of individuals at medium-to-high risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus are also discussed.
A new study shows that low and high maternal levels of free T4 during pregnancy are associated with reduced IQ and cortex and grey matter volumes in offspring. Do these findings herald change for the clinical management of pregnant women with borderline low or high normal levels of T4?