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This Review discusses the roles of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signalling in reducing the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Sex-dependent differences in MASLD susceptibility and the effects of GH and IGF1 on hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells are considered.
The tuberal hypothalamus regulates a range of crucial physiological processes, including energy homeostasis and metabolism. This Review discusses the intricate molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways that control the development of the tuberal hypothalamus, focusing on aspects that shape metabolic outcomes.
This Review outlines the multifaceted influence of obesity on cancer treatment effectiveness and associated toxicities, and explores complex issues, such as body composition and the obesity paradox, that link obesity with outcomes for patients with cancer.
The increasing prevalence of obesity is influenced by individual, biological, sociocultural and environmental factors; and many are already apparent in early childhood. This Review highlights the need for coordinated, multifaceted interventions across a child’s first 2,000 days to address this complex condition effectively.
Brown adipocytes are increasingly recognized as a promising therapeutic target for metabolic disorders. Research published in Advanced Science now presents evidence that these cells might also be useful for leukaemia therapy. The study demonstrates that activation of brown adipocytes deprives leukaemia cells of glucose, which reveals a potential new avenue for leukaemia treatment.
Exploring the glymphatic system across neurological and metabolic diseases might help us to better define the link between obesity and neurological disorders. Recent studies have identified metabolic dysfunction as a risk factor for cognitive decline and neurological disorders through disruption of the glymphatic system.
Pharmacological therapies with incretin-based ‘multi-agonists’ are rapidly advancing the therapeutic landscape for obesity. The loss of skeletal muscle mass with these potent weight-loss agents is emerging as a possible side effect. It is therefore important to determine whether multi-agonists increase the risk of sarcopenia in susceptible patients.
Mechanistic and clinical data indicate that DNA damage contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic complications. Thus, DNA damage and its signalling are entering the field of diabetology.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus affects 8.5 million people globally and is characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells. This Review discusses cell replacement therapies for T1DM and outlines the challenges and future directions
Gene therapy holds tremendous promise for treating a wide range of hereditary and acquired diseases by delivering exogenous therapeutic nucleotide sequences into specific cells or tissues. Recent advances support the notion that gene therapy could offer a long-term cure for diabetes mellitus, something that current conventional pharmacotherapies cannot achieve.
Two recent studies have unravelled novel modes of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) signalling regulation. Kizilkaya et al. characterized the effect of changes in β-arrestin 2 coupling with naturally occurring GIPR coding variants, whereas Regmi et al. investigated GIPR expression profiles and functional regulation in adipocytes.
Thyroid nodules are common; the majority are benign and asymptomatic, and therefore the main aim of the diagnostic process is to determine their clinical significance without leading to overdiagnosis and, consequently, overtreatment, as outlined in this article.
Phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGL) are rare endocrine tumours that can affect paediatric patients as well as adults. In this first international Consensus Statement on PPGL in paediatric patients, the authors discuss the diagnosis, management and long-term surveillance of these tumours in children and adolescents.
Medically not yet explained symptoms (MNYES) are an important consideration in patients treated for hypothyroidism who experience persistent symptoms. This Perspective brings attention to the issue of MNYES in hypothyroidism and considers effective management.