Review Articles

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  • Advances in imaging and computing technology have improved the targeting of tumor tissue using conventional X-ray therapy, especially for the treatment of childhood brain tumors. Proton radiotherapy allows better sparing of normal tissues than the most conformal photon radiation. The characteristics of this technology and examples of who would benefit most from this treatment are discussed.

    • Torunn I Yock
    • Nancy J Tarbell
    Review Article
  • Untangling the complex pathways underlying the major cancer phenotypes remains a significant challenge, but deregulated expression of a single multi-component enzyme, telomerase, is implicated as a causative factor for immortalization in the vast majority of human tumors. This review highlights the potential of telomerase as a target for novel cancer gene therapies.

    • W Nicol Keith
    • Alan Bilsland
    • TR Jeffry Evans
    Review Article
  • High-throughput technologies have been developed in hopes of increasing the pace of biomedical research, accelerating the rate of translation from bench to bedside. Using such technology in target discovery has necessitated validation of the targets in an equally rapid manner. This review looks at the role of tissue microarrays in validating potential tumor biomarkers, now and in the future.

    • Jena M Giltnane
    • David L Rimm
    Review Article
  • Among the most intensely studied new agents are the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors. This review focuses on how radiosensitization of tumors by EGFR inhibitors may be mediated, with reference to cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and DNA repair. Defining the signals involved in radiosensitization could potentially predicting response and guide approaches to combine further novel regimens.

    • Carolyn I Sartor
    Review Article
  • The molecular revolution has paved the way for the development of diagnostic technologies and predictors of response to treatment. This review describes how gene expression profiling using DNA microarrays are emerging as diagnostic tool, and advances in the application of gene expression profiling can help predict response to chemotherapy in breast cancer.

    • Lajos Pusztai
    • Luca Gianni
    Review Article
  • Survivors of childhood cancers are at an increased risk of adverse heath outcomes. Large-scale studies of mortality of cancer survivors beyond 5 years demonstrate that the majority of deaths are caused by recurrent tumors, second malignant neoplasms, cardiac and pulmonary deaths. This comprehensive review quantifies progress achieved in childhood cancer as well as the long term-side-effects of therapies.

    • Mike M Hawkins
    Review Article
  • Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEFG) stimulates tumor-associated angiogenesis, thereby making it a prime target for the development of anti-VEGF compounds. One such anti-VEGF drug, bevacizumab, has improved survival rates in some cancer trials. The key clinical trial data and reasons for some of the contrasting results seen in different patient studies are discussed.

    • David J Kerr
    Review Article
  • With less than 10% of patients with metastatic renal cell cancer (RCC) surviving beyond 5 years, the management of this disease remains a therapeutic challenge. Conventional immune-based treatments are moderately successful, but complete disease remission has been observed using allogeneic stem-cell transplantation. Newer innovative approaches to maximize the graft-versus-tumor effect using this approach show promise in treating RCC.

    • Manit Arya
    • David Chao
    • Hitendra RH Patel
    Review Article