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In this Review, the authors discuss the potential causes of the heterogeneity of COVID-19 and summarize the pathobiology of the disease, with an emphasis on the role of the pulmonary vasculature in the acute stage and the potential for developing chronic pulmonary hypertension.
Cilia are now known to have broad roles in cardiac development and disease. In this Review, Yuan and colleagues discuss the latest findings that link cilia function and biogenesis to congenital heart disease and describe the role of cilia in the development of cardiac left–right asymmetry, haemodynamic mechanosensation, valvulogenesis and myocardial regeneration.
Care pathways for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) were interrupted during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A new cardiac MRI study has revealed that increased total ischaemic time for patients with STEMI during major public health restrictions was associated with increased infarct size and other markers of myocardial damage.
In this Review, Klarin and Natarajan discuss the implementation of polygenic risk scores in clinical medicine for risk prediction and screening algorithms for coronary artery disease, prioritization of patient subgroups that are likely to derive benefit from treatment, and efficient prospective clinical trial designs.
In this Review, Kleinbongard and Heusch characterize the features and mechanisms of coronary microembolization and discuss the clinical trials of drugs and devices for the prevention and treatment of this phenomenon.
In this Review, Tao and colleagues discuss the latest advances in nanoparticle-based imaging and therapeutic approaches targeting macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques, highlight opportunities for novel macrophage-targeting nanomedicines for atherosclerosis diagnosis and treatment, and provide solutions to challenges in this area to accelerate clinical translation.
In this Perspectives article, the authors highlight what is known about cardiovascular sequelae in survivors of COVID-19 and discuss important questions that need to be addressed in prospective studies to understand and mitigate these lasting cardiovascular consequences, including in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome.
In this Review, Nattel and colleagues discuss the role of cellular senescence in cardiac disease, summarize the therapeutic strategies that are being developed for targeting senescence and consider the potential implications for improving the management of patients with heart disease.
In this Review, Mehta and Shapiro discuss the mechanisms by which apolipoproteins regulate lipoprotein metabolism and thereby influence vascular biology and atherosclerotic disease. Advances in the understanding of apolipoprotein biology and their translation into therapeutic agents to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease are also highlighted.
In this Review, Dangas and colleagues explore changes in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgical techniques, differences in conduit vessel pathophysiology and the latest evidence for percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with previous CABG surgery.
The field of cardiac cell therapy is under siege. Legacies of excessive hype, scientific misconduct and dead ends have fuelled the prevailing scepticism. However, promising clinical data, along with more trenchant mechanistic understanding, together provide glimmers of hope for the future of cell therapy for the heart.
In this Review, Taylor and colleagues provide a summary of the current evidence base supporting the use of cardiac rehabilitation, an overview of international guidelines for cardiac rehabilitation and a discussion of major contemporary issues facing cardiac rehabilitation delivery around the world.
In this Review, Walsh et al. explore the complex contribution of genes encoding non-sarcomeric proteins that are robustly associated with non-syndromic or isolated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to the genetics of cardiomyopathies across the full range of variant classes, from common regulatory variants to complete gene knockouts.
In this Review, Townsend et al. describe the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease across the WHO European Region and call for improved surveillance and monitoring to inform the development and implementation of evidence-based preventive and treatment approaches.
Heart failure with mid-range or mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) accounts for up to 25% of patients with heart failure. In this Review, Lund and colleagues provide a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, clinical profile, prognosis and potential treatment of patients with HFmrEF.
In this Review, Dvir and colleagues summarize and discuss the state-of-the-art technologies that enable the bioengineering of functional cardiac tissues and discuss current and future applications and limitations.
In this Review, Angiolillo and colleagues discuss the latest evidence and updates on bleeding avoidance strategies in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, including risk stratification, timing of revascularization, pretreatment with antiplatelet agents, selection of vascular access, choice of coronary stents and antithrombotic treatment regimens.
In this Review, Foo and colleagues summarize the benchmark studies that have mapped the role of enhancers in cardiac disease and development, highlight instances in which enhancer-localized genetic variants explain the missing link to cardiac pathogenesis and consider how enhancer targeting might soon be developed for heart disease.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and erectile dysfunction (ED) have shared risk factors and mechanisms. Moreover, ED is an independent predictor of CVD events and is an adverse effect of some cardiovascular drugs. This Review discusses how sexual function should be considered when treating patients with CVD to improve quality of life and cardiovascular outcomes.
In this Review, Seidman and colleagues summarize the progress over the past 10 years with regard to genomic discoveries and strategies at the forefront of research on congenital heart disease (CHD), highlighting definitive and candidate genes associated with CHD in humans and the potential of integrating technological advances to gain new insights into the genetic architecture of CHD.