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Hole-doped cuprate superconductors exhibit an enigmatic state known as the pseudogap state. Mapping the distribution of this state as it evolves in real space with doping indicates that the moment the pseudogap fills the material is when superconductivity emerges — suggesting an intimate connection between the two.
Atomic-resolution differential phase-contrast imaging using aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy now provides a sensitive probe of the electric field associated with individual atoms.
Modern optics enables precision control over the laser field entering a nonlinear optical crystal. This has made it possible to realize a classical analogue of Bose–Einstein condensation, and it could provide a means of exerting microscopic control over the macroscopic state of complex systems.
The quantum spin Hall effect is predicted to be the result of two oppositely polarized spin currents travelling in opposite directions around the edges of a topological insulator. But only now has the spin polarization of these currents been confirmed.
A study shows that controlling link dynamics on a network is distinctly different from controlling the dynamics of its nodes. This development illustrates how ideas from control-systems engineering can help us better understand the organization of complex systems.
Do quantum states offer a faithful representation of reality or merely encode the partial knowledge of the experimenter? A new theorem illustrates how the latter can lead to a contradiction with quantum mechanics.
Two experiments have measured an all-important number in neutrino physics. Going by the innocuous name of 'θ13', this parameter's value has significant implications for our understanding of the Universe.
Biological systems can adapt to changes in their environment over a wide range of conditions, but responding quickly and accurately is energetically costly. A study pins down the relationship between energy, speed and accuracy.
The energy gap associated with Cooper pair formation in unconventional superconductors can fall to zero along lines of the Fermi surface. Differences in the shape and location of these lines bear information on the interaction that triggers Cooper pair formation.
Optical computers will be more interesting if they take advantage of phenomena that are unique to optics. In this respect, telecommunications hardware might have something to offer.
Migrating cells are capable of actively opposing external forces. A study of the polymers that mediate cell motility indicates that they effect this response by branching where bent under force.
Experimental progress in controlling and manipulating trapped atomic ions has opened the door for a series of proof-of-principle quantum simulations. This article reviews these experiments, together with the methods and tools that have enabled them, and provides an outlook on future directions in the field.
Lithographically fabricated micrometre-scale superconducting circuits exhibit behaviour analogues to natural quantum entities, such as atom, ions and photons. Large-scale arrays of such circuits hold the promise of providing a unique route to quantum simulation. Recent progress in technology and methodology are reviewed here, and prospects and challenges discussed.
Quantum optics has played an important role in the exploration of foundational issues in quantum mechanics, and in using quantum effects for information processing and communications purposes. Photonic quantum systems now also provide a valuable test bed for quantum simulations. This article surveys the first generation of such experiments, and discusses the prospects for tackling outstanding problems in physics, chemistry and biology.
