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Phylogeny estimation of newly discovered aquatic copiotrophic Rickettsiales indicates evolution of host dependency from extracellular species and the origin of mitochondria from an unknown proteobacterial lineage.
Chikungunya virion assembly is elucidated using cryo-electron tomography to reveal how antibodies protect hosts by blocking virion release from virus-infected cells.
Women are more affected by sexually transmitted infections than men. This Review examines the impact of non-HIV STIs on women’s health, and discusses recent advances and current challenges in the treatment and prevention of STIs.
Careful and responsible microbiome management is a critical strategy to counter biodiversity loss, but practical and regulatory hurdles must be addressed to maximize its utility.
Vaccine immunity against SARS-CoV-2 wanes over time and is generally lower in the older population. Recent studies show that booster doses may increase neutralizing antibodies in older adults and protect against emerging variants, including Omicron.
The Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has a phenotype that has changed fundamentally compared with preceding variants. Substantial antigenic change within the spike protein and a new endocytic entry mechanism underlie the immune evasion characteristics and a coincident decrease in the virulence of this variant.
Enteric Salmonella not only activates the ILC3–IL-22 axis upon infection to provide a competitive advantage over resident microbiota but also invades ILC3s and induces inflammatory cell death, thus limiting infection.
Studying the ocean microbiome can inform international policies related to ocean governance, tackling climate change, ocean acidification and pollution, and can help promote achievement of multiple Sustainable Development Goals.
Three different studies identify Asgardarchaeota-linked virus genomes that share commonalities with both prokaryotic and eukaryotic viruses, yet they represent independent phylogenetic groups.
Well-replicated, ecologically realistic, long-term field experiments were conducted to test the effects of warming on soil microbial diversity. Warming significantly reduced the biodiversity of soil bacteria, fungi and protists by altering environmental selections and biotic interactions, potentially disrupting the functional processes of the soil ecosystem.
Modelling using metagenomic data has revealed partitioning of the ocean into discrete microbial genomic provinces, but climate change might restructure their global organization.
Large-scale CRISPRi chemical genetic screening in Mycobacterium tuberculosis identifies genes altering antibiotic potency and the repurposing of the antibiotic clarithromycin to treat tuberculosis in Southeast Asia.
In this Review, the authors describe the transmission of antimicrobial resistance in low- and middle-income countries from a One Health perspective, as well as the challenges and possible solutions for its containment.
Bacteria can be engineered to degrade antibiotics in the gut, maintaining colonization resistance against pathogenic bacteria and constraining the expansion of antibiotic resistance genes in mice.
Understanding the mechanisms and evolution of pathogenicity in fungi will bring us a step closer to reducing the annual toll of 1.6 million deaths from fungal disease.
