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A type I interferon response mediated by IL-1Ra drives susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, and neutralization of IL-1Ra provides therapeutic benefit.
Chassis-independent recombinase-assisted genome engineering (CRAGE) enables the integration of plasmids encoding biosynthetic gene clusters into the chromosomes of diverse bacteria to optimize production of natural products in non-native strains.
A screen for Salmonella type 3 secreted effector targets finds an interaction between SifA and host BLOC-2 complex that is important for positioning and stability of Salmonella-containing vacuoles during infection.
Host mucin glycans downregulate virulence processes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and can be used therapeutically to attenuate infection in vivo in a burn wound model.
Short-term exposure to a high-fat diet reduces colonization resistance to Salmonella Typhimurium infection in mice and is associated with increase bile salts and plasmid transfer; however, E. coli can provide a protective effect under these conditions.
Using a multi-omics and modelling approach, the authors characterize the metabolic interactions in a phototrophic community consisting of an alga and a fungus and identify the factors driving collaboration and competition.
Geospatial modelling shows an overall decline in morbidity and mortality due to lower respiratory infections in Africa from 2000 to 2017, but also identifies subnational areas with residual high risk.
Cooked and raw plant diets cause different changes in gut microbiome composition and function, including mechanisms of starch digestibility and xenobiotic availability, and consequently impact host energy status.
SAMHD1 inhibits murine cytomegalovirus replication in vivo and its activity is counteracted by the viral kinase M97. Phosphorylation of SAMHD1 by M97 correlates with reduced dNTP hydrolase activity and a loss of viral restriction in infected cells.
Core microbial populations across distinct gut habitats and diets were identified in a European seabass model indicating that microbial generalists persist and coexist by maintaining low competition, beneficial interactions and strain variability.
The recovery of metagenome-assembled genomes from the coral Porites lutea, its dinoflagellate symbiont, and its bacterial and archaeal populations, enabled comparative genomic identification of functions important for host–microbe interactions and nutritional associations.
Human cytomegalovirus antagonizes the antiviral activity of sterile alpha motif and histidine–aspartate domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) in macrophages by deploying the viral kinase pUL97 and hijacking cellular kinases.
The sialic acid, Neu5Gc, is present in red meat and can be incorporated into host cell surface glycans triggering an inflammatory response. Here, a Neu5Gc-containing diet alters the murine gut microbiota, and bacterial sialidases specific for Neu5Gc were identified in human and mouse gut metagenomes, with purified sialidases able to cleave Neu5Gc from red meat.
A multifaceted approach was used to shed light on the genetic factors behind the heterogeneity that is observed in vitro and in vivo in the colony morphology of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates and on the impact of such morphological variation on fungal fitness and pathogenesis.
Analysis of the genetic stability and replication potential of bat H18N11 influenza A viruses reveals that they are poorly adapted to ferrets and mice and that they transmit among bats only in presence of the full-length neuraminidase-like protein N11.
The level of serum iron in blood meals influences the ability of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes to acquire dengue virus, suggesting that the iron status of human populations at risk of dengue virus infection may affect viral spreading via mosquitoes.