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Inflammatory bowel disease dysbiosis networks were different between humans and dogs, with some species switching from positive to negative between groups. Stool samples were sufficient for dog-classification, whereas mucosal samples are required in humans.
Hydraulic conditions result in selective taxonomic pressures that determine the formation of biofilm or aggregate communities in experimental fluvial systems.
Intermediate colistin production in E. coli maximizes the benefit of inhibiting sensitive neighbours while minimizing competition from resistant cheaters.
7.7 million non-redundant genes have been documented in the pig gut microbiome gene catalogue, revealing a 96% similarity in functional pathways to the human catalogue and influences from sex, age, host genetics and antibiotic treatments.
The symbiotic cyanobacterium UCYN-A was found to contribute to ∼20% of the nitrogen fixation in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean, and is more widely distributed throughout tropical, temperate and polar oceans than previously thought.
The number of ribosomal RNA operons in bacterial genomes is positively related to maximum reproductive rate and negatively related to carbon use efficiency, and can also predict traits such as chemotaxis and genome streamlining.
The structure of Aichi virus — a poorly characterized picornavirus that causes severe gastroenteritis in children — shows intermediate features between those of enteroviruses and cardioviruses, and provides clues into its cellular receptor.
The mycobacterial glutamine amidotransferase GatCAB complex mediates the translational fidelity of glutamine and asparagine codons and strains with mutations in gatA show increased mistranslation, with associated antibiotic tolerance.
Transcriptional interactions between co-existing microorganisms from stool samples revealed enriched interactions involved in H2 and CO2 homeostasis, butyrate biosynthesis, ABC transporters, flagella assembly, bacterial chemotaxis and metabolism.
Intracellular microsporidian parasites can restructure host cells to induce fusion with neighbouring cells, which enables cell-to-cell spread independent of spore formation.
That the Zika virus epidemic could result in infections of 1.65 million childbearing women and 93.4 million people suggests an approach that combines epidemiological theory with data on seroprevalence and drivers of transmission to make location-specific projections.
The mouse gut microbiota produce free d-amino acids and induce the production of d-amino acid oxidase by intestinal epithelial cells. Oxidative deamination of d-amino acids yields H2O2, which protects the mucosa from Vibrio cholerae.
In Vibrio cholerae, which has two chromosomes, Chr2 rather than Chr1 harbours binding motifs for an inhibitor of Z-ring formation. This helps accurately position the divisome at mid-cell and postpones its assembly to the very end of the cell cycle.
Genomic analysis of global Babesia microti isolates reveals a population segregated into distinct geographic lineages and identifies variants in drug-binding regions of cytochrome b and ribosomal protein subunit L4 that are associated with relapsing disease.
The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) gHgLgO trimer binds with high affinity through the gO subunit to platelet-derived growth factor-α receptor (PDGFRα), which is expressed on fibroblasts but not on epithelial cells.