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Building on a pre-existing pooling pipeline for the efficient detection of SARS-CoV-2, the results of a large-scale implementation study show the feasibility and benefits of saliva sample pooling to enhance neonatal screening for congenital cytomegalovirus.
An observational study reports the joint effects of polygenic risk scores and radiation treatment exposure with a subsequent increased risk of multiple solid cancers in two large cohorts of survivors of childhood cancer.
In a large trial of patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas, IL-13Rα2-targeting CAR-T cells were feasible to manufacture and well tolerated when delivered via intratumoral and/or intraventricular routes.
Clonal hematopoiesis, which increases with age and is implicated in a variety of age-related diseases, is shown here to be associated with a greater risk of acute kidney injury and worse outcome following injury, as demonstrated using multiple patient cohorts, Mendelian randomization analysis and mechanistic studies in mouse disease models.
A multi-ancestry analysis in large cohorts of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) identified 12 disease genetic clusters with distinct cardiometabolic trait associations, including two lipodystrophy-related clusters that could provide insights on the increased T2D susceptibility in East Asian ancestries at a given body mass index level.
A modeling study of 35 cholera-affected countries in Africa showed that introducing cholera surveillance could improve the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of preventive cholera vaccination campaigns.
In a randomized phase 2 trial comparing anti-PD-1 plus anti-VEGF plus an HDAC inhibitor versus anti-PD-1 plus an HDAC inhibitor in patients with MSS/pMMR colorectal cancer, the triplet combination led to significantly better 18-week progression-free survival.
The generation of primary organoids, from fetal fluid-derived epithelial stem or progenitor cells, offers the possibility of modeling different developing tissues during gestation, even beyond the limits of pregnancy termination.
A cross-ancestry meta-analysis identified 126 genetic loci associated with chronic pain intensity, revealing correlations with substance use and psychiatric traits.
Efforts to identify microbial signatures of response to immune checkpoint blockade suggest that strain-level associations may be cancer type agnostic but cancer therapy specific.
Analysis of 42 severe weather disasters (floods, storms and cyclones) in the United States between 2011 and 2016 reported associations with increased emergency department utilization and mortality in affected counties for up to 6 weeks.
Comparative performance assessment of large language models identified ChatGPT-4 as the best-adapted model across a diverse set of clinical text summarization tasks, and it outperformed 10 medical experts in a reader study.
The performance of plasma %p-tau217 is clinically equivalent in classification of Aβ PET status and superior in classification of tau PET status compared to clinically used and FDA-approved CSF tests in cognitively impaired participants.
Integrated analysis of clinical, serological and behavioral data estimates that current clinical surveillance systems detect only 1 of 3,280 true community infections in a cholera-endemic region of Bangladesh.
In the phase 2 RENOBATE trial, the combination of regorafenib and nivolumab as first-line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma exhibited a safe profile and met the primary endpoint with a 31% overall response rate.
A new study from the eMERGE consortium provides insights on the development of a pipeline for the generation and reporting of polygenic risk scores for ten diseases to diverse populations in a clinical setting.
Following the observation that higher circulating levels of metabolites derived from niacin—an essential micronutrient that is fortified in cereals—are associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular events, genetic and preclinical studies established links among niacin-derived metabolites, soluble vascular adhesion molecule 1 levels and leukocyte adhesion to the vascular endothelium.
In a phase 3 trial, an anxiety-focused cognitive behavioral therapy intervention delivered during pregnancy by non-specialist providers in Pakistan reduced the incidence of postnatal depression and anxiety compared to enhanced care.
In a phase 2 trial involving patients with kidney failure who were undergoing hemodialysis, treatment with osocimab—an antibody targeting coagulation factor XIa—did not lead to increased rates of clinically relevant bleeding or an increased risk of adverse events as compared to placebo, suggesting the possibility that factor XIa inhibitors may be safer in this patient population than currently available anticoagulants.
A new inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis leucyl-tRNA synthetase is associated with bactericidal activity in humans and may be a candidate for combination therapy of tuberculosis.