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Using plasma samples collected over several time points during pregnancy from three different cohorts, associations between circulating placental IGFBP1 levels, metabolic traits and birth anthropometric measurements were measured, with low IGFBP1 levels identified as a potential risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus.
Developed on cytology images of hydrothorax and ascites from 57,220 cases at four hospitals, a deep-learning model shows high accuracy in tumor origin prediction and presents prognostic value when patient treatment is consistent with the cancer origin predicted by the model.
By learning to pair dermatological images and related concepts in a self-supervised manner, a visual-language foundation model is shown to have comparable performance to supervised models for concept annotation and is used to scrutinize model decisions for enhanced interpretability and accountability of medical imaging applications.
An exploratory analysis of the 1-year clinical trial PASADENA in individuals with early-stage Parkinson’s disease suggests that prasinezumab might reduce motor signs progression to a greater extent in those with more rapidly progressing disease.
In an observational study evaluating functional precision medicine in children and adolescents with relapsed or refractory solid and hematologic malignancies, it was feasible to provide personalized treatment recommendations to treating physicians on the basis of genomic profiling and ex vivo drug sensitivity testing within 4 weeks.
By generating synthetic image samples specific to underrepresented groups, diffusion models help medical image classifiers to achieve greater fairness metrics across a variety of medical disciplines and demographic attributes.
In a large multinational cohort study, maternal, gestational or pregestational diabetes was associated with only a small-to-moderate risk of ADHD in offspring, contrary to previous estimates that showed stronger effect sizes, attributing the differences in findings to confounding by shared genetic and familial factors.
The analysis of continuous glucose monitoring measurements from a large cohort of nondiabetic individuals uncovered large inter- and intraindividual variabilities, with potential implications for current diagnostic cutoffs for diabetes diagnosis and several cardiometabolic clinical measures.
Treatment of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with a personalized DNA vaccine in combination with anti-PD-1 therapy was safe and led to encouraging clinical efficacy, with immunological analyses confirming the induction of tumor antigen-specific T cell responses.
In an interim analysis of a phase 1/2 trial, a heterologous prime boost vaccine comprised of a chimpanzee adenovirus and self-amplifying mRNA that encodes neoantigens derived from common oncogenic driver mutations in combination with immune checkpoint blockade was safe and elicited neoantigen-specific T cell responses in patients with advanced solid tumors.
In a prospective cohort of Chinese participants aged 65 years and older, heatwaves doubled the risk of mortality, especially in adults with functional impairments and dependency on daily living activities.
In a phase Ib trial, neoadjuvant nivolumab or nivolumab/relatlimab prior to chemoradiotherapy were well tolerated and liquid biopsy analyses show that undetectable ctDNA was associated with longer survival.
Developed using diverse sources of histopathology images, biomedical text and over 1.17 million image–caption pairs, evaluated on a suite of 14 diverse benchmarks, a visual-language foundation model achieves state-of-the-art performance on a wide array of clinically relevant pathology tasks.
Pretrained using over 100,000 diagnostic histopathological slides across 20 major tissue types, a self-supervised model is shown to outperform existing baselines across various clinically relevant computational pathology tasks.
A large-scale study examined the heterogeneous effects of artificial intelligence (AI) assistance on 140 radiologists across 15 chest X-ray diagnostic tasks and found that conventional experience-based factors, such as years of experience, subspecialty and familiarity with AI tools, fail to reliably predict the impact of AI assistance.
The PRODIGITAL-D trial in adults aged 60+ years from socioeconomically deprived areas of Brazil showed that a 6-week self-help mobile messaging psychosocial intervention was effective in improving depression recovery at 3 months compared to a single message control intervention.
In an interim analysis of an ongoing phase 1 trial of CAR T cells targeting EGFR and IL13Ra2 in patients with multifocal, recurrent glioblastoma, intrathecal delivery is feasible and well tolerated, with some reductions seen in tumor size.
Analyzing clinical records from a cohort of 3,042 donors in the Netherlands Brain Bank, natural language processing models unveil the symptomatology and potential misdiagnoses of a broad range of neurodegenerative disorders.
Sex-stratified genome-wide association studies identify loci showing sex-specific effects on blood pressure, allowing for the development of sex-specific polygenic risk scores for blood pressure traits.