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The NF-κB transcription factor family comprises five distinct proteins. Bulyk and colleagues show that homo- and heterodimeric forms of NF-κB recognize distinct κB sites; this introduces additional specificity to NF-κB gene regulation.
Identifying molecular predictors of effective vaccination is an important clinical and technical goal. Pulendran and colleagues use a systems biology approach to study human responses to vaccination against influenza and determine the correlates of immunogenicity.
MicroRNAs are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Pagani and colleagues identify specific microRNA signatures and their target genes in various human lymphoid subsets.
TCR ligation triggers multiple signaling cascades. Cantrell and colleagues provide an unbiased phosphoproteomics analysis of CD8+ T cells showing that phosphorylation of the histone deacetylase HDAC7 is needed to maintain the identity of cytotoxic T lymphoctyes.