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The internal structures of ultralow-velocity zones at the base of the mantle are consistent with an origin from remnants of the early Earth’s differentiation, according to seismic data analysis and geodynamical modelling.
Thin ice sheets during the warm Early Jurassic were tightly coupled to atmospheric CO2 fluctuations, according to a CO2 reconstruction based on the carbon isotopes of fossil wood.
Tropical cyclones frequently hit SE Africa in the mid-Holocene during positive Indian Ocean Dipole phases according to analysis of storm-related tempestite deposits in shoreface sediments off South Africa.
Emissions from the boreal forest biosphere can substantially increase aerosol load above the forest and influence the radiative properties of clouds, according to analysis of observations from a monitoring station in Finland.
Changes in Pacific Plate motion combined near equally with hotspot drift to generate the prominent bend in the Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain some 50 million years ago, according to kinematic plate reconstruction and global dynamic models.
Ice-shelf surface rivers can form estuaries that promote fracturing and enhance calving, according to observations from the Petermann and Ryder ice shelves in Greenland.
Heat stored in the deep ocean due to salinity stratification contributed to rapid Antarctic warming during middle and late Pleistocene glacial terminations, according to coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model simulations.
Increased volcanism-related phosphorus delivery to the Late Ordovician ocean helps explain widespread cooling and eutrophication-driven extinctions, as shown by a biogeochemical model incorporating volcanic ash phosphorus and carbon isotope records.
Long-period seismicity at volcanoes may be generated by deformation of weak material in the subsurface, not solely by fluid movement, according to rock deformation experiments.
Interglacial temperature coupling between East Antarctica and the Southern Ocean was set by the position of moisture source regions, according to an 800,000-year-long deuterium-excess ice-core record from East Antarctica.
Observations from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ionospheric Connection Explorer confirm the link between thermospheric winds and ionospheric plasma variability.
Sediment supply to the Venice Lagoon is substantially reduced by flood barriers inhibiting storm-related sediment reworking and transport, according to observations through multiple storm events before and after barrier installation.
Shifts in the seasonal timing of land surface warming set the severity of storm systems in the southern Great Plains since the last glacial, according to a hydroclimate proxy record from Texas and palaeoclimate modelling.
The influence of meltwater pulse events on Asian monsoon systems varied in line with the degree of AMOC weakening, according to a multi-proxy analysis of speleothems from China covering the penultimate glacial termination.
The mantle transition zone is poorly, mechanically mixed, and acts to impede mantle flow, according to seismic observations integrated with detailed mineral-physics models.
Earth’s volatile element content was established largely by volatile evaporation from molten planetesimals before Earth’s formation, according to first-principles calculations and examination of sulfur isotope fractionation.
Much of the nutrient transport from the deep ocean into the ocean’s upper water column occurs through the Southern Ocean, with mixing and advection playing complementary roles, according to a box model analysis of the isotopic composition of ocean nitrate.
Orbital forcing consistently influenced the magnitude of millennial-scale climate variability through the Pleistocene, according to an analysis of four high-resolution Northern Hemisphere proxy records covering the past 1.5 Myr.
Reorganized ocean circulation during Late Ordovician cooling altered oxygenation through the water column, provoking a new look at the extinction mechanism, according to anoxia reconstructions using the I/Ca proxy and Earth system modelling.