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Interannual variations of long-lived trace gas mole fractions at the Earth’s surface are primarily driven by the stratospheric Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, according to surface measurements and model simulations. Ignoring this variability may induce errors in estimating emissions of trace gases.
Two intervals of distinctly lower Indian Ocean sea level during the last two millennia occurred during times of relatively low incoming solar radiation, according to an analysis of U–Th dated coral microatolls in the Maldives.
High extinction intensity during Late Ordovician but not Cenozoic transitions to glacial conditions can be attributed to both temperature and palaeogeography, according to analysis combining climate models and simulations of virtual species.
Ocean acidification in the California Current Ecosystem was twice the global average during the past century and influenced by decadal climate variations, according to a record of the calcification rate of planktonic foraminifera from the Santa Barbara Basin.
A high-resolution update of Antarctic bed topography using mass conservation reveals broad stabilizing ridges for glaciers flowing across the Transantarctic Mountains, and stabilizing slopes beneath Moscow University, Totten and Lambert glacier system.
River meanders migrate much faster in barren than in vegetated landscapes, according to global analyses of active meander migration of both unvegetated and vegetated rivers. The difference in migration rates suggests that the rise of land plants had a significant influence on landscapes.
Deep-reaching, small-scale oceanic fronts can drive upward heat transport from the ocean interior to the surface in eddy-rich regions, suggest satellite and in situ observations of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current.
Carbon cycling in the mantle may be a common mechanism that links the Great Oxidation Event and the subsequent Lomagundi increase in carbon isotope values, according to a box model that accounts for carbon and oxygen fluxes and reservoirs.
Land management strategies for enhancing soil carbon sequestration need to be tailored to different soil types, depending on how much organic matter is stored in pools of mineral-associated and particulate organic matter, suggests an analysis of soil organic matter across Europe.
Distinct dependence of atmospheric SO42– formation on NOx levels in haze-fog events is revealed by SO42– production isopleths that are obtained through simulations of atmospheric chemistry with a box model.
Internal waves can relieve coral reef heat stress, according to an analysis that isolates the effect at different depths using a compilation of high-resolution temperature records.
The Main Himalayan Thrust comprises two fault planes connected by imbricated faults, a structure that impedes convergence, according to an analysis of the distribution and orientation of aftershocks of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal.
The path of the river Nile has been stable for as long as 30 million years, sustained by mantle convection, according to geophysical and geological evidence and geodynamic model simulations.
Projected responses of plants to rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations reduce runoff in large parts of the mid-latitudes as bulk canopy water demands grow, suggests an analysis of precipitation partitioning in climate model simulations.
A large, deep reservoir of asthenosphere flows eastward from the Réunion hotspot and interacts with the Indian spreading ridge, suggests seismological imaging.