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Dube et al. generated an atlas of human brain circular RNA (circRNA) expression in individuals with and without Alzheimer disease (AD). They demonstrated circRNA expression correlates with AD severity, even before substantial clinical symptom onset.
An event-based machine learning model developed to detect fluorescent astrocytic activity and neurotransmitter dynamics enables new and accurate approaches to quantifying physiology in brain slices and in vivo.
Using intracranial recordings in humans, the authors found decision conflict-related effects on firing rate in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), on spike-phase coupling in the dACC, and on spike-field coherence in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
Using structural MRI data from 45,615 individuals aged 3–96 years, Kaufmann and colleagues reveal that common brain disorders are associated with heritable patterns of apparent aging of the brain.
A single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the aging mouse brain reveals coordinated and cell-type-specific aging signatures across multiple cell populations. Catalogs of aging-related genes, pathways and ligand–receptor interactions are reported.
The authors use a linear model to reveal how neural activity patterns are related to cognition or movements. They find that uninstructed movements dominate single-cell and population activity throughout the brain, outpacing task-related activity.
By developing layer-specific functional MRI techniques for a high-order cognitive brain area, Finn et al. dissociate activity in superficial and deeper cortical layers during different periods of a working memory task in human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
Microglia and astrocytes propagate neurodegeneration by releasing fragmented and dysfunctional mitochondria into the neuronal milieu. Inhibiting pathological fragmentation of glial mitochondria blunts neuroinflammation and increases neuroprotection.
In leukocyte transcriptomes from toddlers with ASD, Gazestani et al. find a perturbed gene network that is involved in fetal brain development and lies downstream of ASD risk genes, and whose dysregulation level correlates with ASD symptom severity.
Sun and Jin et al. report that a population of neurons in the subiculum form a pathway for visual information to reach the hippocampus and impact place-specific activity. Activation of these neurons promotes the formation of object-location memories.
This work describes comprehensive transcriptomic sequencing from murine thalamic pathways. By integrating this molecular information with anatomical and functional features, this study reveals a repeated architecture across thalamocortical systems.
Multi-omic analyses of transcriptional, chromatin occupancy and chromatin interaction dynamics in hippocampal excitatory neurons of adult mice upon activation by status epilepticus or novel context exploration reveals short- and long-lasting changes.
Fecher et al. devise an approach to isolate cell-type-specific mitochondria from the mouse CNS. They demonstrate proteomic diversity of cerebellar mitochondria covering bioenergetics, calcium handling and organelle contact sites.
Huang and colleagues functionally map a brain circuit connecting the amygdala and the spinal cord that is altered after nerve injury and contributes to chronic pain.
Ruff and Cohen find that the prominent hypotheses about how attention improves perception do not account for behavioral improvements. Instead, their results suggest that attention reshapes sensory representations so the relevant information guides behavior.
Gehrlach et al. show how the posterior insular cortex processes and modulates diverse internally and externally generated aversive states, and they dissect the functional contribution of segregated projections mediating inhibition of ongoing behaviors.