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Decision-making often involves temporally extended planning and information search. This Review discusses recent theoretical frameworks that have been used to study such naturalistic decision-making and its neural basis.
Drawing from advances in mathematics and related fields, we show that biophysical models of large-scale neural dynamics can help to bridge the gap between neuromodulation at the cellular scale and mesoscale systems dynamics at the whole-brain level.
Gene-based therapies offer the promise of long-lasting clinical benefit for both genetic and sporadic neurodegenerative diseases. Sun and Roy highlight recent successes and caveats, offering a prospective glimpse into this rapidly emerging arena.
RNA localization is a defining and intricately regulated feature of neuronal physiology. Fernandopulle et al. review how altered RNA transport and local translation might inform understanding of neuronal disease.
This Review discusses two high-throughput techniques—massively parallel reporter assays (MPRAs) and CRISPR screens—focusing on their potential to validate non-coding genetic risk variants in human stem cell models of complex brain disorders.
This review summarizes advances in electrical, optical and microfluidic neural interfaces with characteristics that suggest near-term potential for broad deployment to the neuroscience community.
Gangopadhyay, Chawla et al. examine the neural bases of social decision-making at different processing stages and across humans, non-human primates and rodents. These examinations underscore the importance of the medial prefrontal–amygdala pathways.
Behavioral quantification is changing neuroscience. Pereira et al. provide an overview of the latest advances in motion tracking and behavior prediction and discuss how these methods are used to understand the brain in ways not previously possible.
Chiaradia and Lancaster review applications and limitations of brain organoids, placing them in context with other technologies and describing how these methods are heavily informed by in vivo development.
In this Primer article, Bijsterbosch and colleagues provide an accessible discussion of the challenges faced in analytical representations of functional brain organization and provide clear recommendations to unite a fractionated field.
Aggression is an instinctive behavior supported by hardwired neural circuits. Julieta Lischinsky and Dayu Lin review our current understanding of the neural circuits of aggression across species and their modulation by internal state.
Busche and Hyman review emerging evidence for an interaction between Aβ and tau during Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression that challenges the classical linear trajectory model and offers a new perspective on AD pathophysiology and therapy.
Keysers et al. show why P values do not differentiate inconclusive null findings from those that provide important evidence for the absence of an effect. They provide a tutorial on how to use Bayesian hypothesis testing to overcome this issue.
Recent studies separately address the neural representation of stimuli and its dynamics in networks that model neural interactions. Ju and Bassett review such recent advances and discuss the integration of neural representations and network models.
The increasing use of cannabis has brought significant attention to cannabis use disorder (CUD) and its neurobiological underpinnings. Here Ferland and Hurd discuss risk factors related to the development of CUD its neurobiological characteristics.
Phase separation is emerging as a versatile means for cellular sub-compartment formation. Chen et al. review recent advances of dense synaptic assembly formation via phase separation and discuss implications of phase separation in synaptic physiology.
Framed around the potential use of microglia as new cellular therapies for brain disease, Bennett and Bennett review new discoveries about the effects of developmental origin and environmental signals on brain macrophage identity and function.
This paper offers a primer on transcriptional enhancers in the CNS, using examples of enhancer regulation in the maturing brain and the role of non-coding variation in brain disorders to explain the concepts emerging from functional neurogenomics.
Malignant gliomas recapitulate steps in neurodevelopment to form organ-like structures. Jung et al. review how neuroscience can provide novel insights into glioma biology, and how these insights might be used for future therapeutic approaches.