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How ketamine and scopolamine produce sustained antidepressant effects remains unknown. Kim et al. show that BDNF-dependent MeCP2 phosphorylation drives sustained antidepressant effects of ketamine and scopolamine with distinct synaptic plasticity changes.
Unilateral inactivation of the superior colliculus in monkeys reveals that a brainstem structure plays a causal role in how evidence is computed for decisions, a process usually attributed to the forebrain.
An analysis of the largest exome sequencing dataset of people with obsessive–compulsive disorder to date (n = 1,313 affected individuals), where both case–control and de novo variant studies support a contribution of rare damaging coding variants to risk.
Tuberal nucleus SST+ neurons respond to palatable food. The activity of these SST neurons together with their plastic inputs from the ventral subiculum play critical roles in contextually conditioned feeding.
By recording from hundreds of cerebellar granule cell axons with three-dimensional two-photon calcium imaging, Lanore et al. show that population activity is high-dimensional and that quiet wakeful and active states are orthogonally arranged in neuronal activity space.
Maimon et al. demonstrate a therapeutically viable approach, single-dose injection of a DNA drug to suppress synthesis of PTB, to generate new neurons in the aged mouse hippocampus and enhance memory after their integration into endogenous circuits.
Duan et al. reveal circuit mechanisms of executive control in the midbrain superior colliculus (SC), where response inhibition and context-based vector inversion are instantiated by specific SC subpopulations.
ALS-linked mutations in FUS trigger defects within the nucleocytoplasmic transport pathway in human neurons and Drosophila. Aberrant interactions between FUS and nucleoporins are thought to underlie these defects.
This bi-ancestral genome-wide association study of major depressive disorder (MDD) identified 178 risk variants. The results advance understanding of the biology of MDD and hint at new treatment possibilities.
Silva et al. reveal distinct circuits for the extinction of remote fear memories, with the thalamic nucleus reuniens and its outputs to the basolateral amygdala taking center stage.
Detecting stimulus changes requires different strategies than encoding stationary stimuli. Młynarski and Hermundstad extend efficient coding theory to non-stationary environments and derive adaptive codes that best balance these competing objectives.
Cell-type-specific chromatin accessibility QTL during neurogenesis allow fine mapping of causal variants and more complete underlying of regulatory mechanisms underlying noncoding loci associated with gene expression and neuropsychiatric disorders.
Biglari et al. reveal subgroups of arcuate nucleus hypothalamic neurons that exhibit distinct molecular signatures and feeding-regulatory functions, thus uncovering new regulatory principles in body weight control.
Correlations in neural activity in association cortex can benefit behavioral performance in perceptual tasks, even when decreasing sensory information, by facilitating the propagation and the readout of information carried by population activity.
The authors propose a synaptic plasticity rule for pyramidal neurons based on postsynaptic bursting that captures experimental data and solves the credit assignment problem for deep networks.
Selective neurodegeneration is a critical causal factor in Alzheimer’s disease. Zalocusky et al. demonstrate a causal chain linking neuronal ApoE expression to MHC-I expression and, subsequently, to tau pathology and selective neurodegeneration.
Brain genetic co-expression networks pinpoint specific, convergent synaptic pathways—rather than the complement system—through which genetic variation at the C4 locus imparts risk for schizophrenia.
The authors find that calcium signaling triggers liquid–liquid phase separation of CaMKII. This reorganizes the postsynaptic structure, acting as a potential mechanism to increase the efficacy of synaptic transmission during memory formation.
Optimal decision making in a changing world requires non-linear evidence accumulation. Murphy et al. report signatures of this adaptive computation in recurrent dynamics of human parietal and motor cortices, accompanied by feedback to sensory cortex.
The flow of information in the brain is regulated over space and time. The authors show that mice can adaptively filter stimuli originating in the sensory cortex. The stimuli are gated by attractor dynamics in the frontal cortex, revealing a mechanism of gating of neural information.