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Two recent studies report the development of miniaturized, fully-implantable devices that enable wireless optogenetic neuromodulation in peripheral nerves and spinal cord.
The unprecedented number of fatalities in the PROPATRIA clinical trial using probiotics to treat patients with acute pancreatitis cast a shadow over the field. Bongaerts et al. provide rationales for the trial's high mortality rate and outline situations in which probiotic therapy may still be appropriate for this disease.