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Kim et al. discover a subset of neurons that innervate the Drosophila intestine and act as postprandial taste-independent sensors for sodium, directing a behavioural preference for sodium following salt deprivation.
Klingelhuber, Frendo-Cumbo et al. develop a proteomic atlas elucidating the intracellular spatiotemporal changes in protein levels and localizations during human adipogenesis.
In mice, disruption of circadian rhythms during pregnancy aggravates neonatal inflammation via metabolic reprograming of myeloid cells in the offspring.
A new methodology uses intravital time-gated mid-infrared optoacoustic signals for accurate non-invasive measurements of glucose concentrations in blood-rich volumes of the skin.
Hees et al. identify a mechanism that integrates insulin signalling with distal mitochondrial quality control in neurons via AMPK/PINK1, with implications for mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of insulin resistance in neurons.
Metformin treatment was found to be associated with acute increases in the appetite-suppressing metabolite Lac-Phe in several human observational and interventional studies.
Tumour-derived lactate activates adipose GPR81, which in turn leads to cachexia. Targeting GPR81 and its downstream signalling pathway holds therapeutic potential for treating cancer cachexia.
Metformin is shown to trigger production and release of Lac-Phe from gut epithelial cells, which is required for its effects on food intake and loss of body weight.
Zhang, Fang, et al. develop a method to perform an in-depth lysine succinylation analysis in the mouse liver. This approach allows them to identify a previously unappreciated mechanism of regulation of the urea cycle and ammonia detoxification.
The authors describe distinct phases of adaptions in the human plasma proteome to 7 days without food, with profound changes occurring only after 2 days.
In male mice with diet-induced obesity, deletion of insulin inhibitory receptor (inceptor) in the whole body, in the brain and in pancreatic β cells improves glucose homeostasis, underlining a role of inceptor in regulating glucose homeostasis in the brain and pancreas.
The authors report a genetic screening method that preserves mitochondrial physiology under cell permeabilization, which allows in-depth genetic dissection of mitochondrial bioenergetics.
Gates et al. show that histone butyrylation and propionylation in the intestinal epithelium are regulated by the gut microbiota and histone butyrylation is associated with gene regulatory programmes.
The authors show that abnormal elevation of osteocyte-derived sclerostin deregulates Wnt–β-catenin signalling in the brain and aggravates cognitive impairment under pathological conditions.
In a randomized placebo-controlled trial in 37 individuals with excess body weight, dietary supplementation with resistant starch lowers body weight and induces changes in gut microbiota composition. Mechanistic analysis in male mice shows that resistant starch at least partially facilitates weight loss through the action of Bifidobacteriumadolescentis.