Reviews & Analysis

An electronic network of compact oscillatory circuits can be used to find the optimal ground state of Ising Hamiltonians.

An organic phototransistor with two complementary bulk heterojunctions exhibits light-intensity-dependent adaptation behaviour that mimics the behaviour of the human visual system.

This Review examines wireless on-demand drug delivery systems that are triggered by electric fields, magnetic fields or electromagnetic radiation, and provides design guidelines for the development of such systems.

The human body can be used as a medium to couple ambient energy and transmit power to wearable devices.

Magnetic tunnel junctions with a hybrid free layer design can be used to electrically read and write domain walls.

Boron arsenide could be used as a high-thermal-conductivity cooling substrate in gallium nitride power devices.

This Review examines the development of metasurfaces for bioelectronic interfaces, exploring how they can be used to control electromagnetic fields in the vicinity of the human body and their potential application in current and emerging healthcare technologies.

Sub-1-nm vertical field-effect transistors can be created by transferring pre-made metal film contacts onto two-dimensional materials.

A superconducting electromechanical device at cryogenic temperatures can be probed using optical fibres and a commercial phase modulator.

Transistors that are printed on paper substrates using all-carbon inks can be completely recycled, providing a potential route to helping solve the problem of electronic waste.

This Review examines the development of radiation-hardened electronics, considering the design methodologies available with conventional complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technologies and the potential use and applications of emerging memory technologies.

Woven displays with a high number of light-emitting pixels can be created by interlacing two electrically conducting fibres and forming electroluminescent units at the crossover points.

An AI-assisted smart textile can be used to record, model and understand human–environment interactions.

Programmable metasurfaces can be used to encode wireless signals between users at different locations.

This Perspective assesses the performance limits of hexagonal boron nitride when used as a gate insulator in complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) devices based on two-dimensional materials, concluding that due to excessive leakage currents, the material is unlikely to be suitable for use in ultrascaled CMOS devices.

The electrical and mechanical robustness of thin metal film electrodes can be improved by adding an atomically thin interlayer, such as graphene, between the metal and the flexible substrate.

Conformable electrodes can be used to manipulate the electrical properties of a Venus flytrap, creating actuators that can be wirelessly controlled.

Wearable electronic devices, which allow physiological signals to be continuously monitored, can be used in the early detection of asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic cases of COVID-19.

A flexible biosensing system with in-sensor machine-learning functionality can recognize up to 21 hand gestures in real time based on surface electromyography patterns from a forearm.

This Review examines the three established approaches for creating stretchable transistors—buckling engineering, stiffness engineering and intrinsic-stretchability engineering—and explores the current and future capabilities of stretchable transistors and circuits in human-integrated electronics.