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Shishmarev et al. use rapid dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization to monitor glyoxalase activity in a non-invasive manner using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. They apply their method to monitor and quantify metabolism of methylglyoxal in human red blood cells and mouse tissues.
Bret Moore et al. from the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium report the identification of 347 mouse genes that influence ocular phenotypes when knocked out. 75% of the identified genes have not previously been associated with any ocular pathology.
Zhao Zhang, Youqiong Ye et al. present an expression analysis of tRNAs and genes encoding enzymes involved in translation regulation across ~10,000 patients from 31 cancer types in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). They find that cancer cells may overcome translational bottlenecks by overexpressing rarer tRNAs and other translation factors.
Sophie Richard et al. present a detailed study of the development of the vasculature in the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane. They find that the interlacing of arteries and veins arises due to differential hemodynamic resistance acting on the distal and proximal ends of the arteries causing veins to be alternately repelled or attracted.
Masamichi Hayashi et al. combine high field neuroimaging (7T fMRI) and multivariate pattern analyses to show that the pattern of functional MRI activity in the right parietal lobe can predict the perception of time in individual participants. They find that while time representation is distributed across frontoparietal regions, the right parietal cortex plays a key role.
Guifré Torruella et al. present the first transcriptome data of an aphelid species, which multi-gene phylogenomic analyses place as the closest relative of fungi. They are able to infer a free-living-like aphelid proteome and suggest that fungi evolved through the loss of phagotrophy from aphelid-like ancestors.
Christopher McCrum et al. present a study of reactive gait adaptation in humans using unexpected treadmill accelerations during walking. They find that humans improve their gait stability over a short time period and, at re-exposure one month later, show further stability improvements due to retention and savings.
Niewold, Cohen et al. identify Ly6Clo monocytes as a major component of immune cell sequestration in a mouse model of severe malaria. They show that combined immune-modifying particles and anti-malarial drug treatment at the onset of disease signs results in 88% survival of malaria-infected mice.
George Roff et al. report a 74–92% decline in the catch per unit effort and concurrent declines in body size of large coastal apex sharks near Australia over the past five decades. This study highlights shifting baselines of shark populations in coastal shark assemblages, and indicates that shark populations are highly vulnerable to exploitation.
Naoko Kogata et al. generated murine mammary progenitor cell lines that form spheres and secrete milk upon hormonal stimulation. Deletion of Sox9 increased the ability of these cells to forms spheres but decreased milk production induced by lactogenic stimuli, consistent with the role of this transcription factor on maintaining the stem cell state.
Xin He et al. present a characterization of GhHB12, a HD-ZIP family transcription factor expressed in upland cotton axillary buds. They show that GhHB12 regulates flowering time, plant architecture and phase transition via a regulatory module that could be harnessed to improve cotton for mechanical harvesting.
Hongnan Cao et al. present the X-ray crystal structure of E. coli dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) in complex with its reduced substrate, (6s)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate (FH4). This structure provides the first glimpse of the rate-limiting product release step of the DHFR mechanism and suggests a strategy for designing DHFR-targeting antibiotics.
Nozomi Endo, Waka Ujita et al. present a video-based system for analysing social behaviour of groups of mice. They find that male mice reared in isolation have impaired social proximity in adulthood, but this is partially rescued by cohabitation with socially-reared mice.
Shuai Shao, Xiaoling Liao et al. present a new FRET biosensor for measuring the spatio-temporal activation of RhoGDIα upon binding Rho GTPases. They find that dissociation of the RhoGDIα-Rho GTPase complex is increased by shear stress and varies with subcellular location.
Yohei Hayashi et al. present a method for high-speed adherent cell sectioning and purification, along with a label-free and automatic cell processing system. They show that this method is able to section human induced pluripotent stem cells without losing pluripotency and viability.
Joseph Brown et al. use oligothioetheramides (oligo TEAs) to show that multimeric lipid aggregation in Staphylococcus aureus mimetic membranes correlates with the biological activity of oligoTEAs. These results may explain why antimicrobial peptides with identical cationic charge and hydrophobicity show different biological activity.
Simone Rampelli, Kathrin Guenther, and their colleagues discover correlations between pre-obese children’s low-diverse, dysbiotic microbiome configurations and their unhealthy diets. This study suggests that diet interventions may promote healthy adulthood by modulating the intestinal microbiota.
Marcelo D. T. Torres et al. turn toxic wasp-derived antimicrobial peptide polybia-CP into a viable antimicrobial with therapeutic activity in a mouse model. This study demonstrates that a physicochemical property-guided rational design strategy can be used to generate peptide antibiotics.
Hongmin Yun et al. show that implanted human stem cells can accurately home to and repair damaged trabecular meshwork tissue in the mouse eye via a chemokine axis defined by CXCR4 and SDF1. The study suggests that stem cells from the trabecular meshwork could be used to refunctionalize the outflow pathway as a treatment for glaucoma.
Ariel Hecht et al. have developed a minimum information standard for use in biotechnology. They show the most important factors in maintaining reproducibility in handling engineered organisms under different experimental conditions.