The Italian free-electron laser, FERMI, now generates coherent soft X-rays in the water window (2.3–4.4 nm) by two-stage frequency upconversion of ultraviolet seed laser pulses using the 'fresh bunch' technique.
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High Reflectance Nanoscale V/Sc Multilayer for Soft X-ray Water Window Region
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Hara, T. Fully coherent soft X-rays at FERMI. Nature Photon 7, 852–854 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2013.279
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2013.279
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High Reflectance Nanoscale V/Sc Multilayer for Soft X-ray Water Window Region
Scientific Reports (2017)