Review Articles in 2022

Active surveillance is recommended for low-risk and favourable intermediate-risk prostate cancer management, but active monitoring using imaging or biopsy is necessary to compensate for initial undergrading of the tumour or to detect early progression without missing the opportunity to provide curative therapy. In this Review, the authors discuss the potential for MRI-based active monitoring for active surveillance and consider how this approach might affect patient care.

In this Review, Teoh et al. describe different mechanisms of early and late disease recurrence in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer and discuss potential treatment options. In addition, the authors discuss the potential of molecular classification and treatment with immunotherapy and novel therapeutic agents in the future management of bladder cancer.

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) have become an important tool for understanding the adverse effects of radical prostate cancer treatment and have been widely integrated into clinical practice. In this Review, the authors discuss the available PROMs for use in prostate cancer care and consider how data collection, interpretation, standardization and reporting will be crucial for the continued implementation of PROM instruments in prostate cancer pathways.

In this Review, Baures et al. discuss prostate luminal progenitor cells, covering their functional properties and potential role in prostate pathology. In addition, the authors describe different approaches to classifying these cells, and unify multiple identifiers that have been used to define prostate luminal progenitor cells.

Catstagnetti and El-Ghoneimi provide an overview of the classification, assessment and management of penile curvature associated with proximal hypospadias in children. Methods of curvature measurement and surgical techniques are detailed, in addition to discussion of the importance of patient-reported outcomes.