Reviews & Analysis

The availability of antiretroviral therapy has led to a transformation in the spectrum of kidney diseases associated with HIV infection. This Review describes the changing pattern of kidney diseases associated with HIV infection, their risk factors, methods of evaluating kidney function in patients with HIV and current therapeutic approaches.

Renal cell carcinoma is a metabolic disease linked to a variety of alterations in genes that regulate cellular metabolism. Here, the authors examine cell-intrinsic metabolic alterations in hereditary and sporadic renal cell carcinoma, and how they can be exploited to develop novel therapeutic interventions.

Here, the authors review traditional and disease-specific risk factors for vascular damage and the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive vascular injury in systemic lupus erythematosus. They also discuss cardiovascular risk assessment, primary prevention strategies and current and future treatment approaches to cardiovascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Antibody-mediated rejection is a key mechanism in allograft loss. Here, the authors examine advances in B cell biology and how they can inform the development of new therapies to prevent or mitigate antibody-mediated rejection, with the goal of improving transplantation outcomes.

The theme of World Kidney Day 2024 is “kidney health for all — advancing equitable access to care and optimal medication practice”. To mark this event, Nature Reviews Nephrology invited five researchers from different geographical regions worldwide to discuss the impact of new and emerging therapies for diabetic kidney disease on patient care as well as the barriers that must be overcome to ensure equitable access to these therapies.