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Here, the authors discuss evidence for a role of NAD+ imbalance in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). They suggest that disruption of NAD+ metabolism may contribute to mechanistic links among AKI, CKD and ageing.
Greater understanding of podocyte biology has improved our understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to the development of nephrotic syndrome. Here, Saleem outlines how our understanding of disease mechanisms that contribute to nephrotic syndrome could transform the classification and treatment of this disease.
Oncometabolites — conventional metabolites that, when aberrantly accumulated, have pro-oncogenic capabilities — have been implicated in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Here, the authors review the role of oncometabolites in RCC, their origins and downstream effects and their potential applications as novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers.
Once confined to the world of science fiction, advances in information technology, particularly in computational and storage resources, have enabled use of artificial intelligence in medicine to become a reality. Two new studies report the use of deep learning — currently the most promising algorithmic artificial intelligence approach — in kidney pathology.
This Perspectives article, written on behalf of the participants of the NIDDK Workshop on ‘Sex and the Kidneys’, considers opportunities for clinical, basic and translational research into sex differences in renal disease as well as the potential tools and resources needed to conduct this research.
Iron is essential for life but must be strictly regulated to avoid harmful effects. The authors discuss new insights into systemic and cellular iron handling with respect to renal physiology and pathology, current treatment practices and novel therapies for kidney disease.
Kidney disease is one of the leading causes of death and its prevalence continues to increase worldwide. However, the pace at which new treatments have become available has been excruciatingly slow over the past 30 years. A new White House directive promises to focus the spotlight on accelerating innovations for patients with kidney disease.
The authors of this Perspectives article describe the physiological and statistical principles underlying measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). They discuss their limitations, the circumstances under which mGFR and eGFR should be used, and approaches to improve these methodologies.
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is crucial to phosphate and calcium homeostasis. In this Review, the authors discuss how levels of biologically active FGF23 are controlled by balanced FGF23 transcription and protein cleavage, and how serum iron levels, inflammation and erythropoietin affect that balance.