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Long-term experimental evolution ofEscherichia colireveals that a promoter capture event and subsequent amplification underlie the emergence of a novel function.
E. coliregulates cell size and growth rate in response to nutrient availability by altering fatty acid biosynthesis and, therefore, expansion of the cell envelope.
HIV-infected CD4+T cells have a reduced rate of migration and an elongated morphology, which might represent a strategy for direct cell-to-cell transfer of the virus.