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T cell receptor-stimulated regulatory T cells cluster with self-reactive T cells to receive signals from interleukin-2 and maintain immune homeostasis.
Two papers inSciencepresent evidence in mice that certain species of intestinal bacteria can drive antitumour immune responses and modulate responses to immune checkpoint blockade.
Dietary long-chain fatty acids enhance the differentiation of TH1 and TH17 cells in the gut, which worsens disease in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis.
The kinases MST1 and MST2, which are activated by Toll-like receptor stimulation, regulate the trafficking of mitochondria to phagosomes to deliver reactive oxygen species.
This Essay considers how prokaryotic and mammalian immune systems ensure tolerance or resistance to genetic elements. In particular, the authors discuss the restriction–modification and CRISPR–Cas activities of prokaryotes and the analogous immune pathways found in mammals.