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Recent developments in methods for RNA sequencing have led to an increased understanding of transcriptomes — both qualitative and quantitative. Ongoing developments include advances in direct RNA sequencing and approaches that allow RNA quantification from very small amounts of cellular materials.
This Progress article describes how the application of powerful technologies — based on bioinformatics, next-generation sequencing and biochemistry — has allowed us to map and characterize global adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing.
During development, boundaries between groups of cells that express different genes need to be established and maintained so that tissues can be patterned. This Review discusses the range of mechanisms — from feedback loops to physical forces — that have emerged as important for developmental boundaries.
Diseases are increasingly being found to reflect the perturbations of complex molecular networks. The principles of network medicine are being used to identify new disease genes, determine the functional significance of disease-associated mutations, and identify new drug targets and biomarkers.
The amount of genome-scale data on covalent histone modification patterns is rapidly increasing. This Review brings together current knowledge on how modification 'signatures' relate to the structure and function of chromatin, from regulatory elements and gene structure to organization in the nucleus.