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Impairment of drainage by the lymphatic system is involved in the accumulation of interstitial fluid in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and the development and progression of atherosclerotic plaque.
There is still no consensus on the anatomical combinations that make up the so-called hypoplastic left heart syndrome. We argue that an intact ventricular septum should now be part of the definition. Addition of this feature is necessary if accurate predictions are to be made about the morphogenesis of the condition.