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Cardiometabolic endoreplication (duplication of the nuclear genome without cell division), resulting in polyploidy and multinucleation, precedes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in heart disease.
The risk of acute myocarditis associated with COVID-19 mRNA vaccination has garnered intense (social) media attention. However, myocarditis after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination is rare and usually resolves within days or weeks. Moreover, the risks of hospitalization and death associated with COVID-19 are greater than the risk associated with COVID-19 vaccination. Therefore, COVID-19 vaccination should be recommended in adolescents and adults.
In this Review, the authors discuss the potential causes of the heterogeneity of COVID-19 and summarize the pathobiology of the disease, with an emphasis on the role of the pulmonary vasculature in the acute stage and the potential for developing chronic pulmonary hypertension.
Cilia are now known to have broad roles in cardiac development and disease. In this Review, Yuan and colleagues discuss the latest findings that link cilia function and biogenesis to congenital heart disease and describe the role of cilia in the development of cardiac left–right asymmetry, haemodynamic mechanosensation, valvulogenesis and myocardial regeneration.
Care pathways for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) were interrupted during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A new cardiac MRI study has revealed that increased total ischaemic time for patients with STEMI during major public health restrictions was associated with increased infarct size and other markers of myocardial damage.
Tricuspid repair during mitral valve surgery slowed the progression of tricuspid regurgitation, but did not reduce mortality in patients with mild-to-moderate tricuspid regurgitation.
In the phase II AXIOMATIC-TKR trial, the oral, selective factor XIa inhibitor milvexian provided dose-dependent protection against venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing knee arthroplasty.
According to data from the GOAL trial, when latent rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is detected by echocardiographic screening, secondary prophylaxis with antibiotics is effective in preventing progression of the disease.
Posterior left pericardiotomy at the time of surgery reduces the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing surgery on the coronary arteries, aortic valve or ascending aorta, or a combination of these operations, with no additional risk of postoperative complications, according to results from the PALACS trial.
Early surgical aortic valve replacement in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis reduces the risk of all-cause death, acute myocardial infarction, stroke or unplanned hospitalization for heart failure compared with conservative care and surgical aortic valve replacement only after symptom onset, according to findings from the AVATAR trial.
Large differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality exist between migrant populations and host populations. Understanding the drivers behind these disparities may help to mitigate the unequal burden of CVD and identify new causal pathways that contribute to CVD risk in the population at large.
In this Review, Klarin and Natarajan discuss the implementation of polygenic risk scores in clinical medicine for risk prediction and screening algorithms for coronary artery disease, prioritization of patient subgroups that are likely to derive benefit from treatment, and efficient prospective clinical trial designs.
Two new studies show that titin haploinsufficiency and the toxicity of aggregated truncated titin protein together contribute to the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy caused by truncating variants in the gene encoding titin.
A new study shows that anti-IL-1β treatment and NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition ameliorate vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis progression by two mechanisms: a reduction in blood inflammatory leukocyte supply and a decrease in inflammatory leukocyte uptake into atherosclerotic lesions.
